muovere Italian · revision 38029

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1219, Breve di Montieri|origins=ine-pro *m(i̯)euh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈmwɔ.ve.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''muovere''' (first-person singular present muòvo, first-person singular past historic mòssi, past participle mòsso, auxiliary (transitive or intransitive) avére or (alternatively when intransitive) èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|moveō|alt=movēre|t=to move]], with a change of conjugation, through a [[la-vul|*moveō|alt=*movĕre]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(Gabrielli 2020) The verb is found throughout Romance except Romanian and Sardinian:^(DEI|2531) [[fr|mouvoir]], [[oc|mover]], [[ca|moure]], [[es|mover]], [[pt|mover]], [[rm|muvair]] and [[dlm|mugro]];^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) Logudorese took its word from Italian.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ In Latin, as in [[grc|κινέω|tr=kinéō|t=to move]], which it rendered, the verb had both a physical and a moral sense, as in “movēre animōs”, to stir the mind.^(DELI 1999) Its present participle was much used, and the neuter plural of the participle meant “motives”.^(DELI 1999) Nocentini describes it as originally a causative, “to make run, make go forward”, and compares [[grc|ἀμεύομαι|tr=ameúomai|t=to surpass]].^(Nocentini 2010) De Vaan reconstructs the root as [[ine-pro|*m(i̯)euh₁-|t=to move]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ [[moviola|alt=Moviola]] is only indirectly connected: it is an American English trade name, [[en|movieola]] (1929), from [[m|en|movie]].^(DELI 1999) [[mozione|alt=Mozione]] came, through French parliamentary use, from [[en|motion]].^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in the ''Breve di Montieri'' of 1219, a Tuscan statute, in the reflexive sense “to move away, leave”: ''non si ne movaranno diffintanto ke-l parlamento non fusse compiuto'' (“they shall not move from there until the assembly is over”).^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 13th century the verb already had its moral senses: Giacomo da Lentini, before 1250, uses it for arousing a feeling, Cielo d'Alcamo for being moved, Brunetto Latini for moving someone to pity, and Dante, in the ''Vita nuova'', for urging and for setting out.^(DELI 1999) Dante's ''Convivio'' (1304–1308) has the plain physical sense: ''È biasimevole muover la cosa d'un luogo dove sia utile e portarla in parte dove sia meno utile'' (“It is blameworthy to move a thing from a place where it is useful and carry it where it is less useful”).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|11, 86) The language of medieval philosophy used it for God as the first cause of all motion and for the movers of the heavenly spheres.^(GDLI|11, 86)

+

+ In Tuscan the intransitive verb could mean “to sprout”, of plants (Giordano da Pisa, 1303–1306), and the chess sense, moving a piece from one square to another, is recorded in Tommaseo–Bellini (1869).^(DELI 1999) Its derivatives include [[mossa]] “movement, move”, used of tactical moves from before 1348, [[movimento]] (13th century) and [[movenza]] (15th century).^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Fixed phrases include ''muovere mari e monti'', to try everything, and ''non muovere un dito'', to do nothing at all to help.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1219 – The reflexive ''muoversi'' “to move away” in the ''Breve di Montieri''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses it for arousing a feeling.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1293–1294 – Dante uses it for urging and for setting out.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1304–1308 – Dante's ''Convivio'' uses it for shifting a thing from its place.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1348 – ''Mossa'' “tactical move” in Giovanni Villani.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1869 – The chess sense is recorded in Tommaseo–Bellini.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1929 – American English ''movieola'', the source of ''moviola'', is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|move]], set in motion, especially a part of one's body: ''Il cane muoveva la coda tutto contento.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To make something work, to drive: ''È il vento a muovere le pale del mulino.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To shift something from its place or position: ''Aiutami a muovere il divano verso la finestra.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(games)'' To move a piece in chess or draughts; also intransitive: ''Hai mosso l'alfiere senza pensarci.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To start a hostile action, or to raise an objection or accusation: ''Gli hanno mosso critiche molto dure.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|arouse]] a feeling, or to move someone to a feeling: ''La sua storia mosse tutti a compassione.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To set out, advance towards or against: ''All'alba le truppe mossero verso la città.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DELI 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive, figurative)'' To start from, [[m|en|originate]] in: ''Il suo ragionamento muove da un'idea semplice.''^(Wiktionary)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''muoversi'': to move, stir; to get going; to take action: ''Non riuscivo più a muovermi dal freddo.''^(DELI 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mossa]]

+ * [[mosso]]

+ * [[mossiere]]

+ * [[movente]]

+ * [[movenza]]

+ * [[movimento]]

+ * [[movimentare]]

+ * [[movibile]]

+ * [[smossa]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[smuovere]]

+ * [[rimuovere]]

+ * [[commuovere]]

+ * [[promuovere]]

+ * [[momento]]

+ * [[moto]]

+ * [[la|moveo]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The stressed ''uo'' of ''muovo'', ''muove'' traditionally gave way to ''o'' in unstressed syllables (''moviamo'', ''movete''), but the forms with ''uo'' now tend to prevail there too.^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Zingarelli 2010) The undiphthongized ''movere'' is popular or literary.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}