offrire Italian · revision 38009

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=12th–13th century, Elegia giudeo-italiana|origins=ine-pro *bʰer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ofˈfri.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''offrire''' (first-person singular present òffro, first-person singular past historic offrìi or (less common) offèrsi, past participle offèrto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*offeriō|alt=*offerīre]], a reshaping of [[la|offerō|t=to put in someone's way; to offer]] on the model of verbs in ⟨-īre⟩.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The classical verb has an irregular infinitive, and moving it to the fourth conjugation gave it a regular form.^(Wiktionary)^(DELI 1999) It is a compound of [[m|la|ob-]], here with an intensive sense, and [[m|la|ferō|t=to carry, bring]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GDLI|11, 834) The same verb is [[fr|offrir]] and [[sc|offerrere]];^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) the derivative [[es|ofrecer]] is used in its place.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ The present participle gave [[offerente]], and the past participle [[offerto]], whose feminine [[offerta]] (“the thing offered”) is already recorded at Lucca in 892.^(DELI 1999) Latin [[m|la|ferō]] goes back to [[ine-pro|*bʰer-|t=to carry]], the root of [[grc|φέρω|tr=phérō]] and [[sa|भरति|tr=bhárati]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is the form ''offeriri'' in the ''Elegia giudeo-italiana'', a poem of the 12th or 13th century.^(DELI 1999) DELI's first record of ''offrire'' is in Dante's ''Commedia'' (1313–1319), for putting something useful or welcome at someone's disposal.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old and literary Italian also had the longer forms ''offerire'' and ''offerere'', with presents such as ''offero'' and ''offerisco'' and the participle ''offerito''.^(GDLI|11, 834)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The reflexive ''offrirsi'' “to declare oneself ready” is recorded in the 13th century, in Chiaro Davanzati, and ''offrirsi'' “to present itself” in Petrarch (1374).^(DELI 1999) The sense “to give, make a present of” is in a 14th-century translation of the ''Golden Legend''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The Church made great use of the verb and its derivatives; the ''offertorio'' of the Mass comes from Late Latin ''offertorium''.^(DELI 1999) Commercial senses came later: to put up for sale is recorded in Annibal Caro (1565) and a price bid at auction in a Tuscan proclamation of 1585.^(DELI 1999) In modern use ''offrire'' is also the ordinary way to say that one is paying for someone, as in ''offro io''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 892 – The noun ''offerta'' is recorded at Lucca.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 12th–13th century – ''Offeriri'' appears in the ''Elegia giudeo-italiana''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 13th century – Chiaro Davanzati uses the reflexive ''offrirsi''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1313–1319 – Dante uses ''offrire''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1374 – Petrarch uses ''offrirsi'' for “to present itself”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1565 – Annibal Caro uses the verb for “to offer for sale”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|offer]], to put at someone's disposal something one thinks useful or welcome: ''Ci hanno offerto un posto per dormire.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To propose: ''Le hanno offerto un contratto a tempo indeterminato.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|treat]], to pay for someone: ''Questa volta offro io.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To give as a present: ''I colleghi gli hanno offerto una cena d'addio.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # To provide, to afford: ''Il nuovo quartiere offre molti servizi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To hold out, to expose: ''offrire il fianco'', to lay oneself open to attack or criticism.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To put up for sale; to bid a price: ''Quanto offrite per il quadro?''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To dedicate or [[m|en|sacrifice]] to a god: ''offrire un agnello agli dèi''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''offrirsi'': to volunteer, to declare oneself ready: ''Si è offerto di accompagnarmi alla stazione.''^(Treccani 2011)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[offerta]]

+ * [[offerto]]

+ * [[offerente]]

+ * [[offertorio]]

+ * [[rioffrire]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[profferire]]

+ * [[la|offerō]]

+ * [[fr|offrir]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The past historic is ''offrii'' or, less commonly, ''offersi''; the past participle is ''offerto''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary) ''Offerire'' survives as a literary variant.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}