viaggio Italian · revision 37993

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1221, Calabrian text|origins=la via}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /viˈad.d͡ʒo/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Regional: /ˈvjad.d͡ʒo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''viaggio''' ''m'' (plural viaggi)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian forms include ''viagio'', ''viaio'', ''viaiu'', ''viazio'' and ''viazo''.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|21, 839)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|pro|viatge]], with [[fro|veiage]] (about 1080) beside it, from [[la|viāticum|t=provisions for a journey]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The Latin noun is the neuter of the adjective [[m|la|viāticus|t=of or for a journey]], formed from [[m|la|via|t=road, way]] with the suffix [[m|la|-āticus]], and it moved from “provisions for the journey” to the journey itself.^(DELI 1999)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is a doublet of [[viatico]].^(Wiktionary)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Prati doubted the Gallo-Romance route, because [[la-med|viāticum|t=a going to a place]] is recorded in Italy in 1057.^(DELI 1999)^(Prati 1951|1052) DELI keeps it for three reasons: the suffix, which in a native word would be ⟨-atico⟩ or in the dialects ⟨-adego⟩, ⟨-aigo⟩ or ⟨-ego⟩, the borrowing of the same word into the other Romance languages, and the early use of the plural [[m|la|viāticum|alt=viātica]] for “journeys” by Venantius Fortunatus (before 600), who lived for many years in Gaul.^(DELI 1999) Its relatives are [[fr|voyage]], [[ca|viatge]], [[es|viaje]] and [[pt|viagem]];^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) Nocentini takes the Spanish and Portuguese words from Catalan, Meyer-Lübke from Provençal, which he also gives as the source of [[sc|biadzu]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ Latin [[m|la|via]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*wijā-]], from [[ine-pro|*uih₁-eh₂-|t=pursuit]], a noun of the root that also gave [[la|vīs|t=you want]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest record is ''viagio'' in a Calabrian text of 1221, and Iacopone da Todi (before 1306) has ''viaio''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) The Ritmo di Sant'Alessio, from the Marche, uses ''viaiu'': “estu viaiu ket facia” (this journey that he was making).^(GDLI|21, 839) In Dante's ''Inferno'' (1300–1313) it is both the journey (“Facemmo adunque più lungo viaggio”, so we made a longer journey) and the way taken: “A te convien tenere altro viaggio” (you must keep to another road).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|21, 839)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With Boccaccio (1348–1353) the word took the sense of a tour through other places and countries, to see, learn or enjoy oneself.^(DELI 1999) The Old Italian sense “way, road” is now archaic or poetic.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011) Pilgrimages are ''viaggi'' too, as in ''il viaggio di San Iacopo'' to Compostela, which Tommaseo quotes.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ In the 19th century the word was used colloquially for each trip made to carry goods (1891, Petrocchi), and Tommaseo noted that a tiring outing even within a town was called ''un viaggio'' by emphasis.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) In 1968 the weekly ''L'Espresso'' used it for a drug “trip”, the effect of hallucinogens.^(DELI 1999) ''Buon viaggio!'' is the wish to someone leaving, and ''l'ultimo viaggio'' is a euphemism for death.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ The verb ''viaggiare'' “to travel” appears in Paolo Segneri (1679), and the Alberti dictionary refers it to Michelangelo Buonarroti the Younger, who uses ''viaggiatore'' “traveller” in 1619.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1057 – Medieval Latin ''viaticum'' “a going to a place” is recorded in Italy.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1221 – ''Viagio'' appears in a Calabrian text.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1306 – Iacopone da Todi uses ''viaio''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses ''viaggio'' in the ''Inferno''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1348–1353 – Boccaccio uses it for a tour through other countries.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1619 – ''Viaggiatore'' is recorded in Michelangelo Buonarroti the Younger.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1679 – Paolo Segneri uses ''viaggiare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1891 – Petrocchi records the sense “a trip carrying goods”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1968 – ''Viaggio'' is used for a drug trip.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|journey]], a trip from one place to another, usually by some means of transport: ''Il viaggio in treno da Torino a Bari dura molte ore.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A tour or [[m|en|voyage]] through other places or countries, for pleasure, study or work; in the plural, travels: ''Quest'estate faremo un viaggio in Portogallo.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|pilgrimage]]: ''il viaggio a Lourdes''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(hyperbolic)'' A long way between two places in the same town: ''Da qui all'ospedale è un viaggio!''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' Each trip made to carry something somewhere: ''Ci sono voluti quattro viaggi per portare su la legna.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(figurative)'' An imaginary journey: ''un viaggio nel Medioevo''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(slang)'' A drug [[m|en|trip]], the hallucinations caused by drugs.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(archaic, poetic)'' Way, road.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[viaggiare]]

+ * [[viaggiatore]]

+ * [[viaggiatrice]]

+ * [[viaggetto]]

+ * [[viaggiante]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[via]]

+ * [[viatico]]

+ * [[la|viāticum]]

+ * [[fr|voyage]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases are ''buon viaggio!'' (have a good trip), ''viaggio di nozze'' (honeymoon), ''agenzia di viaggi'' (travel agency) and ''cestino da viaggio'', a packed meal sold at railway stations.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}