rapporto Italian · revision 37991

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=before 1348, Giovanni Villani|origins=la portō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /rapˈpɔr.to/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rapporto''' ''m'' (plural rapporti)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from the verb [[rapportare]], as a noun without a suffix.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) That verb, recorded before 1294 in Guittone d'Arezzo, is [[apportare]] with the intensive prefix [[r-]], and its source [[la|apportō|t=to bring]] is made of [[m|la|ad-]] and [[m|la|portō|t=to carry]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wikizionario) The verb at first had a rather negative sense, “to tell tales, inform on someone”, but DELI finds no such colouring in the noun.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Some uses came from French: the LEI derives the phrase meaning “with regard to” from [[fr|par rapport à]], and Devoto took the sense of a report to a congress from [[m|fr|rapport]].^(LEI|3, 301)^(Devoto 1968)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Giovanni Villani (before 1348) uses ''rapporto'' for an account or piece of information, and also for a written report: in his chronicle the priors were to make a selection and ''rapporto'' of all the Guelph citizens.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|15, 475)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The mathematical sense “ratio” goes back to Francesco di Giorgio Martini (before 1502), and the sense of a relation between people to Benvenuto Cellini (1571).^(LEI|3, 301) Galileo (before 1642) used it for a connection or dependence between things.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ In the late 18th century, writers complained of the spread of ''rapporto'' in place of ''relazione'': Carlo Gozzi (before 1806) of “an eternal ''rapporto'' instead of ''relazione''”, and Giuseppe Velo in 1786.^(DELI 1999) The phrase ''rapporti politici'' is recorded in 1796.^(DELI 1999) Military uses followed in the 19th century: a written report of incidents or breaches of discipline (1855), and the meeting at which a commander receives his officers, from which come ''chiamare a rapporto'' and ''mettersi a rapporto'' (1939).^(DELI 1999)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ''Intimi rapporti'' “sexual relations” is recorded before 1923.^(LEI|3, 301) Technical senses include a design printed on fabric (1891) and the gear of a bicycle (1970).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1294 – Guittone d'Arezzo uses the verb ''rapportare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1348 – Giovanni Villani uses ''rapporto'' for a report.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1502 – Francesco di Giorgio Martini uses it for a ratio.^(LEI|3, 301)

+ * 1571 – Cellini uses it for a relation between people.^(LEI|3, 301)

+ * Before 1642 – Galileo uses it for a connection between things.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1796 – ''Rapporti politici'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1855 – The military sense “written report” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1923 – ''Intimi rapporti'' is recorded for sexual relations.^(LEI|3, 301)

+ * 1970 – The cycling sense “gear” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|report]], a written or spoken account of facts or events: ''Il direttore vuole un rapporto sulle vendite entro venerdì.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(law)'' A report of a crime made by a public officer to the judicial authority, ''fare rapporto'': to report someone to the authority concerned.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(military)'' A meeting of officers to receive orders; also a subordinate's audience with a superior: ''chiamare a rapporto'', ''mettersi a rapporto''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # A [[m|en|relationship]] between people, groups or states, often in the plural: ''Con i vicini siamo in ottimi rapporti.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''rapporto sessuale'': sexual [[m|en|intercourse]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|connection]] between things or facts: ''Non c'è alcun rapporto tra le due vicende'', ''in rapporto a'': with regard to.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' A [[m|en|ratio]], the quotient of two numbers or quantities.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(cycling)'' A gear.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rapportino]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rapportare]]

+ * [[apportare]]

+ * [[portare]]

+ * [[fr|rapport]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}