consiglio Italian · revision 37989

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1087, Postilla amiatina|origins=la cōnsulō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /konˈsiʎ.ʎo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''consiglio''' ''m'' (plural consigli)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian forms include ''conseglio'', ''consei'', ''conseio'' and ''consillo''.^(TLIO)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|cōnsilium|t=deliberation; council; advice]], from [[m|la|cōnsulō|t=to consult, deliberate]].^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) Meyer-Lübke lists it among the regular Romance outcomes of the Latin noun, while Nocentini classes it as a word taken from Latin.^(REW 1935)^(Nocentini 2010) The noun is found across the Romance languages: [[fr|conseil]], [[pro|coselh]], [[ca|consell]], [[es|consejo]] and [[pt|conselho]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ De Vaan explains the noun as [[itc-pro|*kom-sel-io-]], derived from [[la|cōnsul]], and the verb from [[ine-pro|*selh₁-|t=to take]], with the prefix [[m|la|com-]].^(de Vaan 2008) Nocentini compares [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=saljan|t=to offer]] and [[m|en|sell]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) A derivation from a root meaning “to sit together” suits the meaning but, in de Vaan's view, not the form.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the Postilla amiatina of 1087.^(TLIO) DELI dates the sense “advice, warning given to help someone” to Giacomo da Lentini (before 1250): “e chi non ha consiglio da suo core / non vive infra la gente como deve” (and whoever has no counsel from his own heart does not live among people as he should).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|3)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian the word already had most of its Latin senses.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO) “Decision, resolution” is recorded in Brunetto Latini (before 1294), “a meeting to deliberate” in Bono Giamboni (before 1292), “prudence, good judgement” in Dante (1304–1308) and “a council, a governing body” in Dino Compagni (1310–1312).^(DELI 1999) The TLIO also records counsel as comfort and help, the divine will, and one of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit.^(TLIO) Venice had its ''Gran Consiglio'' from about 1172.^(Prati 1951|323)

+

+ The verb ''consigliare'' appears in 1219 as ''consilliare'', in the Breve di Montieri, and ''consigliere'' in the same year;^(DELI 1999) DELI takes ''consigliere'' from Old French ''conseillier''.^(DELI 1999) Modern Italian keeps the old sense of decision in phrases such as ''mutare consiglio'' and ''venire a più miti consigli'', and the proverb ''la notte porta consiglio'' advises sleeping on a decision.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1087 – The word appears in the Postilla amiatina.^(TLIO)

+ * 1219 – ''Consilliare'' and ''consilliere'' appear in the Breve di Montieri.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses it for advice.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses it for a meeting to deliberate.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses it for a decision.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1310–1312 – Dino Compagni uses it for a council.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1898 – ''Consiliare'' “of a council” is recorded in D'Annunzio.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|advice]], a suggestion meant to help someone decide or act; a professional opinion: ''Ho seguito il consiglio del medico e ho smesso di fumare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A warning, sometimes a veiled threat: ''Ti do un consiglio: stai lontano da lui.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # A meeting or consultation to decide on matters of common interest: ''tenere consiglio''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A [[m|en|council]], a body with advisory or deciding powers: ''consiglio comunale'', ''Consiglio dei ministri'', ''consiglio di amministrazione'' (board of directors).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(literary)'' Good sense, [[m|en|prudence]]; in religion, one of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(literary)'' A decision, resolve: ''mutare consiglio'' (to change one's mind).^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[consigliare]]

+ * [[consigliere]]

+ * [[consigliabile]]

+ * [[consiliare]]

+ * [[sconsigliare]]

+ * [[sconsigliato]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[consiliatura]]

+ * [[console]]

+ * [[consultare]]

+ * [[la|cōnsilium]]

+ * [[fr|conseil]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Consiglio'' “advice” is countable: one gives ''un consiglio'' or ''dei consigli''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Set phrases include ''la notte porta consiglio'' and ''venire a più miti consigli'' (to moderate one's demands).^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}