errore Italian · revision 37955

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 12th century, Proverbia quae dicuntur super natura feminarum|origins=ine-pro *h₁ers-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /erˈro.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''errore''' ''m'' (plural errori)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|error|t=wandering; mistake]], a learned word, from the verb [[m|la|errō|t=to wander; to err]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(DEI|1526)^(Wiktionary) The Latin noun is continued in every Romance language: [[ro|eroare]], [[fur|erôr]], [[rm|errur]], [[fro|error]], [[pro|error]], [[ca|error]], [[es|error]] and [[pt|error]].^(LEI|21, 710) The LEI classes the Italian form with those of popular transmission, and notes Tuscan forms with a single ⟨r⟩ that probably came from the north.^(LEI|21, 710)

+

+ De Vaan derives [[m|la|errō]] from [[itc-pro|*ersāje-]], a verb formed on a noun meaning “erring”, from the root [[ine-pro|*h₁ers-|t=to flow]]; its cognates include [[got|𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌴𐌹𐍃|tr=airzeis|t=mistaken]] and [[goh|irren|t=to go astray]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Devoto describes the shift of meaning as one from aimless wandering to a wrong aim and a wrong result.^(Devoto 1968)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the Venetian ''Proverbia quae dicuntur super natura feminarum'' of the late 12th century.^(TLIO) DELI's first date is Bono Giamboni (before 1292), for a departure from what is true, right or normal;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) GRADIT dates the word to about 1274.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian the Latin sense of wandering was still alive: the TLIO lists aimless movement, the course of the planets and a detour from a road, and also confusion and torment of the mind.^(TLIO) Petrarch speaks of the ''errori'' of Ulysses, his wanderings, and opens the ''Canzoniere'' with “In sul mio primo giovenile errore” (at the time of my first youthful error).^(GDLI|5, 265)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The LEI records the sense “aimless wandering” in literary Italian from Boccaccio (1373–1374) to Pascoli (about 1912).^(LEI|21, 710)

+

+ In religious language an ''errore'' was a sin or a heresy, and in law it became a mistaken belief that makes a will or a contract defective;^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) ''errore giudiziario'' is the conviction of an innocent person.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) In science it is the difference between the true value and the measured or calculated one.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The sense of wandering survives only in poetry, as in Leopardi's “giovanile error”.^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – The word appears in the Venetian ''Proverbia quae dicuntur super natura feminarum''.^(TLIO)

+ * About 1274 – GRADIT's date for the word.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses it for a departure from the truth.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1373–1374 – Boccaccio uses it for aimless wandering.^(LEI|21, 710)

+ * Before 1374 – Petrarch writes of the ''errori'' of Ulysses.^(GDLI|5, 265)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|mistake]], an [[m|en|error]]; a wrong judgement or opinion: ''un errore di calcolo'', ''Ho fatto l'errore di fidarmi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # An unwise or harmful action: ''Vendere la casa adesso sarebbe un errore.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A fault or [[m|en|sin]]; in religion, a false belief: ''un errore di gioventù''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(law)'' A false picture of reality that vitiates the will in a legal act: ''errore di fatto'', ''errore di diritto''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(mathematics, physics)'' The difference between the true value of a quantity and the measured or approximate one.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(literary)'' Wandering, a roaming journey; also a straying of the imagination.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[erroneo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[errare]]

+ * [[errato]]

+ * [[la|error]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases are ''per errore'' (by mistake), ''salvo errore'' (unless I am mistaken), ''cadere in errore'' and ''indurre in errore'' (to mislead).^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}