effetto Italian · revision 37950

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1260–1261, Brunetto Latini|origins=la faciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /efˈfɛt.to/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''effetto''' ''m'' (plural effetti, diminutive effettùccio, augmentative effettóne, pejorative effettàccio or effettùccio)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|effectus|t=execution, accomplishment]], a learned word, the action noun of [[m|la|efficiō|t=to bring about, accomplish]], from [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|faciō|t=to make, do]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word has learned and popular continuants in all the Romance languages: [[ro|efect]], [[fr|effet]], [[ca|efecte]], [[es|efecto]] and [[pt|efeito]].^(LEI|21, 212)^(Nocentini 2010) Older forms such as [[roa-oit|affetto]] show the popular change of ⟨ef-⟩ to ⟨af-⟩.^(LEI|21, 212)^(TLIO)

+

+ The plural sense “clothes, belongings” is a calque of [[fr|effets]] (1535), and the verb [[effettuare]] is [[m|fr|effectuer]] (1420).^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) De Vaan traces [[m|la|faciō]] to a form of [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to put]] with a ⟨k⟩ that arose in its aorist.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is Brunetto Latini's ''Rettorica'' (Florence, about 1260–1261), which says that Cicero often wondered “che effetto proviene d'eloquenzia” (what effect comes of eloquence).^(TLIO)^(GDLI|5, 53) DELI's first date, for what follows from a cause, is Bono Giamboni (before 1292).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the word for a result, a state of mind, the meaning of a speech, and an event, and in phrases such as ''mandare'' or ''venire ad effetto'' “to carry out, to come about”.^(TLIO) The sense “strong impression” is recorded in Domenico Cavalca (before 1342), and the spin given to a ball in games in 1555.^(DELI 1999) In the 17th century the word took on “bill of exchange” (before 1676) and optical or acoustic illusion (1657); ''effetti'' “possessions” is recorded in 1586 and “clothes, personal belongings” in 1797.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Science named many phenomena ''effetto'': ''effetto Doppler'', ''effetto Joule'' and ''effetto serra'' “greenhouse effect”.^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) ''Effetti speciali'' are the tricks of cinema and television, and ''a effetto'' or ''d'effetto'' describes what is meant to strike the audience.^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1260–1261 – Brunetto Latini uses ''effetto'' in the ''Rettorica''.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses it for a consequence.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1342 – Domenico Cavalca uses it for “impression”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1348 – Francesco da Barberino uses it for “accomplishment”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1555 – Antonio Scaino uses it for the spin of a ball.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1586 – Filippo Sassetti uses ''effetti'' for “possessions”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1797 – ''Effetti'' “personal belongings” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|effect]], the result or consequence of a cause: ''il rapporto tra causa ed effetto'', ''La medicina non ha fatto effetto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Validity, legal force: ''una legge con effetto retroattivo'', ''a tutti gli effetti'', in every respect.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Accomplishment: ''mandare a effetto un progetto''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # An [[m|en|impression]] on someone: ''Mi ha fatto effetto rivedere la mia vecchia scuola.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A device or phenomenon that produces a particular impression: ''effetti di luce'', ''effetti speciali''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(physics)'' A phenomenon named after its cause or discoverer: ''effetto Doppler'', ''effetto serra''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(sports)'' [[m|en|spin]] given to a ball: ''un tiro a effetto''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(in the plural)'' Belongings, clothes: ''effetti personali''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(finance)'' A bill of exchange or other credit instrument.^(DELI 1999)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[effettivo]]

+ * [[effettuare]]

+ * [[effettivamente]]

+ * [[effettività]]

+ * [[effettore]]

+ * [[effettuale]]

+ * [[effettuazione]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[efficace]]

+ * [[fare]]

+ * [[la|effectus]]

+ * [[fr|effet]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''In effetti'' means “in fact, indeed”.^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|1426) ''Per effetto di'' means “as a result of”.^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}