chiamata Italian · revision 37948

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1294, Florentine document|origins=la clāmō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /kjaˈma.ta/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chiamata''' ''f'' (plural chiamate)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from the verb [[chiamare]] with the suffix [[-ata]], or is the feminine past participle used as a noun.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(DELI 1999) The verb, recorded in 1219, is [[inh|la|clāmō|t=to shout, call out]], from the same root as [[m|la|calō|t=to call, summon]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan takes the verb from a lost noun meaning “shout”, from [[ine-pro|*kelh₁-|t=to call]];^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) Nocentini compares [[grc|καλέω|tr=kaléō|t=to call]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) The verb is found across the Romance languages: [[fro|clamer]], [[oc|clamar]], [[ca|clamar]], [[es|llamar]], [[pt|chamar]] and [[ro|chema]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(LEI|14, 983)

+

+ The participle is matched by [[es|llamada]] and [[pt|chamada]].^(Körting 1907) Körting reports that in the sense of a drum signal announcing a wish to surrender, the Italian word was borrowed as [[fr|chamade]].^(Körting 1907)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is a Florentine text of 1294, for the act or manner of calling.^(DELI 1999) GRADIT dates it to Matteo Villani (before 1363), who wrote of the calling of King Louis to Messina by the Sicilians (''la chiamata a Messina del re Luigi'').^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI|3, 46)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the following centuries the word was used for an invitation to come somewhere or to take up a post, as in Baldinucci, for a summons to an office or authority, and for a doctor's call to a patient.^(GDLI|3, 46) Tommaseo noted ''avere una chiamata alla polizia'' and the phrase ''rispondere senza chiamata'', to meddle in something that does not concern one.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

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+ Printers used ''chiamata'' from 1758 for a mark that draws attention to a correction or addition, and, from before 1835 it was the applause by which an audience calls singers and actors back on stage;^(DIFIT) German borrowed both senses in the 1870s.^(DIFIT) In Neapolitan theatre a ''chiamata'' was the cue, the last words of one actor before another speaks.^(LEI|14, 983) With the telephone it came to mean a phone call and the ringing that announces it.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1219 – The verb ''chiamare'' is first recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1294 – ''Chiamata'' appears in a Florentine text.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1363 – Matteo Villani uses it for the calling in of a king.^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI|3, 46)

+ * 1758 – It is used in printing for a reference mark.^(DIFIT)

+ * Before 1835 – It is used for a curtain call.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1876 – German borrows ''Chiamata'' as a theatre word.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|call]], the act of calling or being called: ''Non ha risposto alla mia chiamata.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # A [[m|en|summons]], an invitation to come or present oneself, ''chiamata alle armi'': call-up, ''chiamata (alla ribalta)'': a curtain call.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A telephone call; the ringing that announces it: ''Ho tre chiamate perse.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # An appointment to an office, ''chiamata a cattedra'': an invitation to fill a university chair.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A [[m|en|vocation]], a calling: ''la chiamata al sacerdozio''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(law)'' ''chiamata in causa'': the joining of a third party to a lawsuit, ''chiamata di correo'': an accusation of complicity made by a defendant.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(printing)'' A mark that refers to a correction or note; in old books, a catchword at the foot of a page.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(cards)'' A conventional signal asking one's partner to play a certain card.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(riding)'' A pull on the reins; each of the rings at the side of the bit.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[chiamare]]

+ * [[chiama]]

+ * [[richiamo]]

+ * [[fr|chamade]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}