durante Italian · revision 37941

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1287–1288, Pisan translation of Albertano|origins=la dūrō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /duˈran.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''durante''' (preposition, invariable; as an adjective, plural ''duranti'')^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the present participle of [[durare|t=to last]], which has hardened, in the singular only, into a preposition.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Devoto explains it from absolute phrases in which a phrase such as “durante l'estate” meant “while the summer lasts”.^(Devoto 1968) DEI notes that the participle first followed its noun, as in Old French, and that Boccaccio already put it first, an order that appears in French only in the 16th century.^(DEI|1403) The same participle is [[fr|durant]], [[oc|durant]], [[ca|durant]], [[es|durante]] and [[pt|durante]].^(DEI|1403)^(REW 1935)

+

+ The verb is [[la|dūrō|t=to last; to harden]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) DELI calls the Latin verb of uncertain origin and wrongly linked with [[m|la|dūrus|t=hard]];^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Nocentini keeps them together and compares [[grc|δηρόν|tr=dērón|t=for a long time]] and [[sa|दूर|tr=dūrá|t=far]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is a Pisan translation of Albertano da Brescia's treatises (1287–1288), in the sense “while something is going on”.^(TLIO) DELI dates the preposition to Francesco da Barberino, before 1348.^(DELI 1999)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian also used the participle as an adjective, “lasting”: Boccaccio's lilies are “caduchi e poco duranti” (frail and short-lived), and Matteo Villani calls stone lions “duranti per lunghi secoli” (lasting for long centuries).^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861|2, 419) In botany it described evergreen plants, and in medicine it meant “during the course of” a remedy.^(TLIO) Boccaccio still made the participle plural with a plural noun.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861|2, 419)

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+ The adjective survives today only in ''vita natural durante'' “for life”, recorded as ''a vita mia durante naturale'' in Cellini (before 1571) and in its present form in 1826.^(DELI 1999)^(Treccani 2011) In banking ''il durante'' is the trading between the opening and closing of a stock-exchange session.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1287–1288 – A Pisan translation of Albertano has the first record.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1348 – Francesco da Barberino uses ''durante'' as a preposition.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1571 – Cellini writes ''a vita mia durante naturale''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 18th century – ''Durante'' is the name of a hard-wearing woollen cloth.^(DEI|1403)

+ * 1826 – ''Vita natural durante'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # [[m|en|during]], in the course of: ''Durante il viaggio ho letto due libri.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # At the time of (a historical period): ''durante il Rinascimento''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(literary)'' Lasting; today only in ''vita natural durante'', for the whole of one's life.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

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+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(banking)'' The trading done during a stock-exchange session.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[durare]]

+ * [[durata]]

+ * [[duraturo]]

+ * [[durevole]]

+ * [[fr|durant]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ DEI records a separate 18th-century ''durante'', a strong woollen cloth glossed on one side, named from the same participle because it lasted.^(DEI|1403) ''Durante'' is also a man's given name and a surname, from the Latin name ''Durans''.^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}