togliere Italian · revision 37900

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=second half of the 13th century|origins=ine-pro *telh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈtɔʎ.ʎe.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''togliere''' (first-person singular present tòlgo, first-person singular past historic tòlsi, past participle tòlto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Older and literary forms are [[roa-oit|tollere]] and [[roa-oit|torre]], which survives in poetry.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|3810)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|tollō|t=to lift, raise; to take away, remove]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) DELI points out that the regular outcome was [[roa-oit|torre]], from a form with ⟨-lr-⟩ assimilated, and DEI explains the modern form by the influence of [[cogliere]], which made the verbs inflect alike in the present, the past historic and the participle.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|3810)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The verb has relatives across Romance: [[fro|toudre]], [[pro|toldre]], [[ca|tolre]], [[osp|toller]], [[pt|tolher|t=to hinder]] and [[sc|tòḍḍere|t=to gather]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) In the south of Italy it was replaced by [[levare]].^(DEI|3810)

+

+ The Latin verb meant first “to bear, carry”, then “to raise” and “to carry off”.^(DELI 1999) It continues [[itc-pro|*tolnō]], a nasal present of [[ine-pro|*telh₂-|t=to bear, lift]], the root also of Latin [[m|la|tolerō|t=to bear, endure]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Nocentini 2010) Cognates include [[grc|ἔτλην|tr=étlēn|t=I endured]], [[got|𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽|tr=þulan|t=to endure]] and [[goh|dolēn|t=to bear]], as well as the English [[m|en|thole]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ GRADIT dates the verb to the second half of the 13th century, and DELI's earliest sense, “to snatch, carry off by force”, is in the ''Novellino'' at the end of that century.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999) DEI gives the form ''tollere'' in Guittone d'Arezzo in the 13th century.^(DEI|3810) The GDLI quotes the Laudario of the Company of San Gilio: “Ki torrà via la pietra del monimento a la porta?” (Who will take away the stone from the door of the tomb?).^(GDLI|20, 1103)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Dante has the senses “to deprive” (1304–1308), “to free” and “to draw, derive” (1300–1313), and “to remove, move” (1313–1319), and Boccaccio “to take away” (1348–1353).^(DELI 1999) In Old Italian it also meant simply “to take, pick up” and “to rob, carry off”.^(DEI|3810)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861|4, 1490) Tommaseo observed that in speech ''prendere'', ''pigliare'' and ''levare'' did most of its work, so that ''togliere'' was more a word of writing.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861|4, 1490) The reflexive ''togliersi'' “to take oneself off” is recorded in 1891.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ From the participle Old Italian formed ''maltolta'', an unjust tax, which became French ''maltôte''.^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – Guittone d'Arezzo uses the form ''tollere''.^(DEI|3810)

+ * Late 13th century – The ''Novellino'' uses ''togliere'' for “to snatch away”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1304–1308 – Dante uses it for “to deprive”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1313–1319 – Dante uses it for “to remove”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1348–1353 – Boccaccio uses it for “to take away”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1891 – The reflexive ''togliersi'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To take away, [[m|en|remove]], move from a place: ''Togli i piedi dal divano!''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To take off a garment or shoes (often ''togliersi''): ''Si tolse il cappello ed entrò.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To take out, [[m|en|extract]]: ''togliere un dente''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To delete, cross off; to lift or abolish a ban or obligation.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|deprive]] someone of something: ''Al confine gli hanno tolto il passaporto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To take away a feeling or need: ''Quella notizia mi ha tolto il sonno.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To take someone away by force or death: ''la malattia le tolse il padre''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|subtract]], deduct: ''Togli le spese dal totale.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To free someone from trouble: ''togliere qualcuno dai guai''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[togliersi]]

+ * [[distogliere]]

+ * [[toglimento]]

+ * [[tolto]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tollerare]]

+ * [[cogliere]]

+ * [[levare]]

+ * [[la|tollō]]

+ * [[en|thole]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Togliere'' is irregular: ''tolgo, togli, toglie, togliamo, togliete, tolgono''; past historic ''tolsi''; past participle ''tolto''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Wiktionary) Common phrases are ''togliere di mezzo'', to get rid of (also to kill), ''togliere il disturbo'', to take one's leave, and ''ciò non toglie che'', that does not alter the fact that.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}