bagno Italian · revision 37893

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 13th century, Proverbia super natura feminarum|origins=grc βαλανεῖον}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈbaɲ.ɲo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bagno''' ''m'' (plural bagni or (Old Italian) bagnora)^(Wiktionary)

+ The old plural was [[roa-oit|bagnora]], as in [[roa-oit|baniora]] at Rome around 1258.^(Wiktionary)^(LEI|4, 939) Old forms also include [[roa-oit|banio]], [[roa-oit|bagnu]] and [[roa-oit|vagno]].^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*baneum]], the popular form of [[la|balneum|t=bath; bathing place]], which had lost the rare cluster ⟨ln⟩.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The form ⟨baneum⟩ is written on a wall at Pompeii and is old as a place name.^(LEI|4, 939)^(DELI 1999) The Latin noun, older [[m|la|balineum]], is an early borrowing [[der|grc|βαλανεῖον|tr=balaneîon|t=bath, bathing room]], of unknown origin, and it replaced the native [[m|la|lavātrīna]], the source of [[latrina]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto 1968)

+

+ The popular form lives on in [[fr|bain]], [[oc|banh]], [[ca|bany]], [[es|baño]], [[pt|banho]], [[fur|bagn]], [[rm|bagn]] and [[dlm|bayn]].^(LEI|4, 939)^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) [[ro|baie]] comes, according to DEI and Meyer-Lübke, through a Slavic [[m|sla-pro|*banja]], but Kramer derives it from a plural [[la-vul|*banea]].^(DEI|406)^(REW 1935)^(LEI|4, 939)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is the Venetian ''Proverbia super natura feminarum'', of the early 13th century, where the word means the water or liquid one is immersed in.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO) The TLIO's oldest sense is a room or tub for washing, and GRADIT dates the word to about 1274.^(TLIO)^(GRADIT 2003) A Roman text of about 1258 has the plural ''baniora''.^(LEI|4, 939)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “Immersion in water” is in the ''Novellino'' at the end of the 13th century, and Marco Polo (1309) uses ''bagno'' for a bathing establishment.^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|4, 939) Later uses include ''bagno di sangue'' “bloodbath” (15th century), ''bagni di mare'' “sea bathing” (1862) and ''bagno di sole'' “sunbathing” (1922).^(DELI 1999) The room with the bath and toilet was ''stanza del bagno'' in 1865 and simply ''bagno'' in 1875.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ In 1540 ''bagno'' named the prison at Livorno where Turkish slaves were held, and then any penal colony.^(DELI 1999)^(Prati 1951|99) DEI and Meyer-Lübke trace this sense to a ''bagno'' at Constantinople where captives for the galleys were kept, and DELI leaves the question open.^(DEI|406)^(REW 1935)^(DELI 1999) Through the Mediterranean lingua franca it reached French ''bagne'' (1637) and English ''bagnio'' (1599), which also meant a bathhouse (1615) and a brothel (1624).^(DIFIT)^(DELI 1999) Italian ''bagno'' was also borrowed into Albanian, Greek and Ottoman Turkish.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 13th century – The Venetian ''Proverbia super natura feminarum'' has the first record.^(DELI 1999)

+ * c. 1258 – A Roman text has the plural ''baniora''.^(LEI|4, 939)

+ * 1309 – Marco Polo uses ''bagno'' for a bathing place.^(LEI|4, 939)

+ * Before 1537 – Vannoccio Biringuccio uses ''bagnomaria''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1540 – The ''bagno'' of Livorno is recorded as a prison.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1599 – English ''bagnio'' “prison” is recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1637 – French ''bagne'' is recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1875 – ''Bagno'' “bathroom” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A swim, a dip in the sea, a lake or a pool: ''Facciamo il bagno prima di pranzo?''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A [[m|en|bath]], washing the whole body in a tub, and the water for it: ''Ti ho preparato un bagno caldo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # A therapeutic bath, or exposure of the body to an agent: ''bagni di fango'', mud baths, ''bagno di sole'', sunbathing.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Immersion of a thing in a liquid, and the liquid or solution itself: ''Ho messo i ceci a bagno.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A [[m|en|bathroom]], a room with a bath, shower and toilet: ''La casa ha due bagni.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A [[m|en|bathtub]].^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A bathing establishment on a beach, and in the plural a spa: ''passare l’estate ai bagni''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A deep immersion in something: ''un bagno di folla'', mingling with a cheering crowd.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(historical)'' A [[m|en|penal colony]] (''bagno penale'').^(Wiktionary)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bagnare]]

+ * [[bagnante]]

+ * [[bagnino]]

+ * [[bagnomaria]]

+ * [[bagnoschiuma]]

+ * [[bagnolo]]

+ * [[bagnarola]]

+ * [[bagnasciuga]]

+ * [[bagnetto]]

+ * [[bagnaiolo]]

+ * [[antibagno]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bagnatore]]

+ * [[balneare]]

+ * [[balneario]]

+ * [[balneazione]]

+ * [[latrina]]

+ * [[la|balneum]]

+ * [[en|bagnio]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Andare in bagno'' or ''al bagno'' is a euphemism for going to the toilet.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) ''Costume da bagno'' is a swimsuit and ''vasca da bagno'' a bathtub.^(Wiktionary)^(Gabrielli 2020) A separate dialect adjective ''bagno'' “wet”, a shortened participle of ''bagnare'', appears in Lorenzo Viani.^(GDLI|1, 946)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}