correre Italian · revision 37890

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=second half of the 12th century, Ritmo di Sant'Alessio|origins=ine-pro *ḱers-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈkor.re.re/, /koɾe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''correre''' (first-person singular present córro, first-person singular past historic córsi, past participle córso, auxiliary (action towards a goal) èssere or (action considered in itself, or transitive) avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|currō|t=to run]], a verb of Indo-European origin.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The verb survives across the Romance languages: [[fr|courir]] (rarely [[m|fr|courre]]), [[oc|corre]], [[ca|córrer]], [[es|correr]], [[pt|correr]], [[sc|cùrrere]] and [[ro|curge]], which means “to flow” and took its ending from [[m|ro|merge|t=to go]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(DEI|1122) The Latin present participle, [[m|la|currēns|alt=currentem]] in the accusative, lives on in [[corrente]].^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The Latin verb goes back through [[itc-pro|*korzō]] to [[ine-pro|*ḱr̥s-é-ti]], a present formed on the root [[ine-pro|*ḱers-|t=to run]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan and Nocentini find the same root in [[la|carrus|t=wagon]], a loan from Gaulish that gave [[carro]], and in [[goh|hros|t=horse]], whose descendants are [[de|Ross]] and [[en|horse]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|1122)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the ''Ritmo di Sant'Alessio'', a poem from the Marche of the second half of the 12th century, and Nocentini and GRADIT date the verb to the same period.^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) The oldest dated senses in DELI are “to be in progress”, in a will of 1263, and “to move fast on one's own legs or with a means of transport”, in Bono Giamboni (before 1292).^(DELI 1999) Giamboni writes of the ostrich that it is not so heavy that a good horse can easily catch it, “di tal guisa corre” (so fast does it run).^(GDLI|3, 820)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Giamboni already used the verb for acting or thinking in haste and for the passing of time, and Brunetto Latini (before 1294) for the quick movement of parts of the body and of lifeless things.^(DELI 1999) Rustico di Filippo (before 1300) has it for news that spreads, and Dino Compagni (1310–1312) for riding in a joust or tournament.^(DELI 1999) The TLIO records it in war for charging the enemy on foot or on horseback, and for the flowing of water and the blowing of wind.^(TLIO) Dante made it transitive, “to travel across” (1321), and in Bandello (1554) wages and interest ''corrono'', that is, accrue.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The present participle gave the adjective ''corrente'' (before 1250, Cielo d'Alcamo) and the noun ''corrente'' “current”, which was used of electricity from 1816 and of a faction inside a party from 1957.^(DELI 1999) The phrase ''essere al corrente'' “to be informed” (1807, Vincenzo Monti) was condemned by 19th-century purists as a copy of French ''être au courant''.^(DELI 1999) Other derivatives are ''corridore'' (late 12th century), first an adjective “swift”, and ''corridoio'', a passage that is so called because one can run along it.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Recent senses include running in an election, recorded in 1985.^(GDLI) Tuscan proverbs quoted by Tommaseo contrast running and arriving: ''Altro è correre, altro è arrivare''.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861|1, 1752)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Second half of the 12th century – The ''Ritmo di Sant'Alessio'' is the first text with the verb.^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Late 12th century – The ''Ritmo laurenziano'' has the derivative ''corridore'' “swift”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1263 – A will uses the verb for something in progress.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses it for running and for the passing of time.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1310–1312 – Dino Compagni uses it for taking part in a joust.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1321 – Dante uses it transitively, “to travel across”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1554 – Matteo Bandello uses it for wages and interest that accrue.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1807 – Vincenzo Monti writes ''al corrente'' “informed”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1985 – ''La Repubblica'' uses it for standing in an election.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|run]], to move quickly on foot so that at moments neither foot touches the ground: ''Ogni mattina corro mezz'ora lungo il fiume.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To go fast in a vehicle; of a vehicle, to travel at speed: ''Non correre, la strada è bagnata!''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|hurry]], rush somewhere: ''Appena ho saputo, sono corso all'ospedale.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(intransitive, sports)'' To take part in a race: ''Quest'anno corre per una squadra francese.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' Of liquids, to [[m|en|flow]]; of time, to pass: ''Il torrente corre veloce tra le rocce.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(DELI 1999)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' Of news and rumours, to spread, circulate.^(DELI 1999)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To run (a race or a risk): ''correre il rischio''.^(Wiktionary)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To travel through, traverse: ''correre il mondo''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[corrente]]

+ * [[corridoio]]

+ * [[corridore]]

+ * [[corriera]]

+ * [[corriere]]

+ * [[corrimano]]

+ * [[corsa]]

+ * [[corsia]]

+ * [[corsivo]]

+ * [[corsiero]]

+ * [[rincorrere]]

+ * [[scorrazzare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[concorrere]]

+ * [[corso]]

+ * [[decorrere]]

+ * [[discorrere]]

+ * [[incorrere]]

+ * [[occorrere]]

+ * [[ricorrere]]

+ * [[scorrere]]

+ * [[soccorrere]]

+ * [[trascorrere]]

+ * [[carro]]

+ * [[la|currō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The verb takes ''essere'' when a goal is stated or implied (''sono corso a casa'') and ''avere'' when the running itself is meant or in the sense of racing (''ho corso per un'ora'').^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Common phrases are ''correre ai ripari'' “to take urgent measures”, ''correre dietro a qualcuno'' “to chase someone” and ''lasciar correre'' “to let something go”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}