mandare Italian · revision 37860

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1219, Breve di Montieri|origins=la mandō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /manˈda.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mandare''' (first-person singular present màndo, first-person singular past historic mandài, past participle mandàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also had the form ''mannare''.^(GDLI|9)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|mandō|t=to entrust; to commission, order]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)^(GRADIT 2003) The Latin verb is usually analysed as a contraction of [[m|la|manum|alt=*man(um)]] [[m|la|dō|alt=dare]], equivalent to the phrase [[m|la|in manum dare|t=to put into someone's hand]], with [[m|la|manus|t=hand]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Devoto saw in it a durative form of an older [[m|la|*mandō|alt=*mandere]], made of the word for the hand and the root meaning to put that is found in [[m|la|condō]].^(Devoto 1968|269) The same verb is [[fr|mander]], [[oc|mandar]], [[ca|manar]], [[es|mandar]] and [[pt|mandar]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ It came to mean to send because [[m|la|mittō]], the old verb for sending, had shifted to the meaning to put (the source of [[mettere]]), and as Migliorini argued, the other verb filled the gap.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) DELI labels the verb a learned word, but Prati held that the sense of sending was inherited, and only the senses of commanding and the legal ones were introduced through writing.^(DELI 1999)^(Prati 1951|624)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is the Breve di Montieri of 1219, where the verb means “to make someone go somewhere with an order and a purpose”.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) The sense “to send” something is found in the 13th-century Elegia giudeo-italiana.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian already used the verb for “to grant” a reward or punishment (Giacomino Pugliese, before 1250) and “to give out, emit” (Guido Cavalcanti, before 1300).^(DELI 1999) Dante has it for Minos judging the damned: ''giudica e manda secondo ch'avvinghia'' “he judges and sends each one down according to how he wraps his tail”.^(GRADIT 2003) In the 14th century it could also mean “to command”, and in 16th-century Venice “to send for trial, condemn”, while Varchi uses it for throwing the ball.^(DEI|2341) The senses “to assign someone to a post” (Savonarola, before 1498) and “to set in motion, make work” (Giusti, 1833) followed.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The verb forms many idioms: ''mandare giù'' “to swallow” and “to put up with”, ''mandare via'' “to send away, dismiss”, ''mandare a quel paese'' “to tell someone to get lost”, ''mandare a dire'' “to send word”.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Its noun ''mandato'' “mandate, warrant” was taken from Latin [[m|la|mandātum]], and ''mandamento'' as an administrative district came in 1859 from Piedmontese usage.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Prati 1951|624)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1219 – The Breve di Montieri has the first record.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 13th century – The Elegia giudeo-italiana uses the verb for “to send”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * before 1250 – Giacomino Pugliese uses it for “to grant” as a reward or punishment.^(DELI 1999)

+ * before 1300 – Guido Cavalcanti uses it for “to emit”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * before 1348 – ''Mandata'' “sending” is recorded in Francesco da Barberino.^(DELI 1999)

+ * before 1498 – Savonarola uses the verb for assigning someone to a post.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1833 – Giuseppe Giusti uses it for “to set going”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1859 – ''Mandamento'' becomes the name of an administrative district.^(Prati 1951|624)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|send]] someone somewhere, usually for a purpose: ''Abbiamo mandato Luca a comprare il pane.'' ''Mandare a chiamare qualcuno'': to send for someone.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To let someone go, or have them go, somewhere: ''mandare un ragazzo in collegio''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To send something, have it delivered: ''Le ho mandato un messaggio stamattina.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To direct water, gas and the like into a channel or pipe.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To throw, [[m|en|launch]]: ''mandare il pallone in tribuna''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To give out, emit a sound, a smell or light: ''mandare un lamento''.^(Wiktionary)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To bring someone into a state: ''mandare in bestia'', to drive mad.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To condemn to a penalty: ''mandare a morte''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(transitive)'' ''Mandare giù'': to swallow, and figuratively to put up with: ''Quella risposta non l'ha mandata giù.''^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mandamento]]

+ * [[mandante]]

+ * [[mandato]]

+ * [[rimandare]]

+ * [[mandata]]

+ * [[mandatario]]

+ * [[rimando]]

+ * [[tramandare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[comandare]]

+ * [[mettere]]

+ * [[la|mandō]]

+ * [[la|manus]]

+ * [[fr|mander]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}