salvare Italian · revision 37852

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 12th century, Ritmo laurenziano|origins=ine-pro *solh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /salˈva.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''salvare''' (first-person singular present sàlvo, first-person singular past historic salvài, past participle salvàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-lat|salvō|t=to heal; to keep safe; to redeem]], a verb made in Late Latin from the adjective [[la|salvus|t=whole, unharmed, safe]] (see [[salvo]]), which took the place of [[m|la|servō|t=to keep]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto 1968)^(GRADIT 2003)^(de Vaan 2008) The Christian writers used the verb for redemption, beside [[m|la-lat|salvātor]] “Saviour”, which translated [[grc|σωτήρ|tr=sōtḗr]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) The same verb is [[fr|sauver]], [[oc|sauvar]], [[ca|salvar]], [[es|salvar]] and [[pt|salvar]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ The adjective goes back to [[itc-pro|*salawos]], from [[ine-pro|*solh₂-|t=whole]], and compares [[grc|ὅλος|tr=hólos|t=whole]] and [[sa|सर्व|tr=sárva|t=whole, all]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is the ''Ritmo laurenziano'' of the late 12th century, for “to bring out of danger”;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) GRADIT dates the verb to 1219.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Giacomo da Lentini, before 1250, uses it for gaining salvation of the soul.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian texts use the verb both for guarding people and goods and for rescuing them;^(GDLI)^(Prati 1951|870)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Dante uses ''esser salvato'' for being saved from the pains of Hell.^(GDLI)^(Prati 1951|870)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The reflexive ''salvarsi'' “to escape a mortal danger” is in Guittone d'Arezzo before 1294.^(DELI 1999) Formulas such as ''Dio ti salvi!'' were once greetings, and Boccaccio's ''se Dio mi salvi'' affirmed that one was telling the truth.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ Compounds of the type verb + noun followed: ''salvadanaio'' “money box” in the 15th century, ''salvagente'' “life buoy” in 1866 and ''salvavita'', at first a trade name for a circuit breaker, in 1974.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Prati 1951|870)^(DELI 1999) ''Salvataggio'' “rescue” is French ''sauvetage''.^(DELI 1999) In computing ''salvare'' now means to save data to memory or disk; the GDLI's supplement quotes it from 1997.^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – The ''Ritmo laurenziano'' has ''salvare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1219 – GRADIT's date for the verb.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses the reflexive for salvation.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1294 – Guittone d'Arezzo uses ''salvarsi'' “to escape”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1866 – ''Salvagente'' is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1974 – ''Salvavita'' is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1997 – The computing sense is quoted in the press.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|save]], [[m|en|rescue]] someone from danger or death: ''I vigili del fuoco hanno salvato tre persone.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To protect something from damage or ruin, ''salvare il salvabile'', to limit the damage.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To preserve something's working or integrity; in medicine, to save a limb.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To protect someone from moral harm, ''(religion)'' to bring to eternal salvation.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To keep one's honour or reputation intact.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(sport)'' To stop the other side from scoring at the last moment.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(computing)'' To save a file or data to memory: ''Ricordati di salvare il documento.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' ''Salvarsi'', to escape, be saved.^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[salvataggio]]

+ * [[salvatore]]

+ * [[salvagente]]

+ * [[salvadanaio]]

+ * [[salvavita]]

+ * [[salvabile]]

+ * [[salvamento]]

+ * [[salvazione]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[salvo]]

+ * [[salute]]

+ * [[la|salvus]]

+ * [[fr|sauver]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Fixed expressions include ''salvare la faccia'' “to save face”, ''salvare le apparenze'' “to keep up appearances”, ''salvare la pelle'' “to save one's skin” and ''salvare capra e cavoli'' “to have it both ways”.^(GRADIT 2003) The short past participle ''salvo'' is popular Tuscan.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}