proprius Latin · revision 3785

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *priH-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈprɔ.pri.ʊs], [ˈprɔp.ri.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈprɔː.pri.us], [ˈprɔp.ri.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''proprius''' (feminine propria, neuter proprium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Following Forssman, de Vaan explains it from a verb *[[m|la|propriāre|t=to make one's own]], built on [[inh|itc-pro|*prijo-|t=own, dear]], [[inh|ine-pro|*priH-o-|t=own, dear]], with the prefix [[pro|alt=prō-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) The OLD and Lewis & Short call it of doubtful origin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Cognate with [[sa|प्रिय|tr=priyá|t=dear, own]], [[cy|rhydd|t=free]] and [[got|𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃|tr=freis|t=free]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) A Plautine character asks why what he wants cannot be his own for good.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant one's own for good, belonging to oneself, and in the neuter one's own property.^(OLD 2012) It meant one's own alone, personal and private, as in Sallust's virtue as the one thing proper to mortals, and peculiar to someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It also meant suitable, special to one case, belonging to a person's task, and of words, specific, as names which refer to particular things in Varro.^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin ''homo proprius'' was a serf or a dependant, and ''proprio iure'' meant in full ownership.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''proper'' came from it through Old French around 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of what is one's own.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of specific words and names.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of arguments proper to a case.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''proper'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # One's own permanently.^(OLD 2012)

+ # One's own, ''(neuter noun)'' one's [[m|en|property]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Personal, private, exclusive.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|Peculiar]] (to), characteristic.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Suitable, appropriate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Special, particular to one case.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of words)'' Literal, specific.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' ''homo proprius'': a [[m|en|serf]], a dependant.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[improprius]]

+ * [[proprietās]]

+ * [[propriō]]

+ * [[proprītim]]

+ * [[propriē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pecūliāris]]

+ * [[prīvātus]]

+ * [[suus]]

+ * [[en|proper]]

+ * [[en|property]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein separates ''privus'', one's own as opposed to another's, ''proprius'', what is exclusively one's own as opposed to common, and ''peculiaris'', what is especially one's own.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}