scrivere Italian · revision 37840

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1219|origins=ine-pro *skreybʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈskri.ve.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''scrivere''' (first-person singular present scrìvo, first-person singular past historic scrìssi, past participle scrìtto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also had ''scrìbere'' and ''scrìvare''.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|scrībō|t=to draw with a stylus, write]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) Every branch of Romance has it, so that DÉRom reconstructs it for Proto-Romance: [[fr|écrire]], [[oc|escriure]], [[ca|escriure]], [[es|escribir]], [[pt|escrever]], [[sc|iscrìere]] and [[ro|scrie]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(DÉRom)^(REW 1935) Latin also gave the participle [[m|la|scrīptus]] and the nouns behind [[scrittore]] and [[scrittura]].^(DELI 1999)

+

+ De Vaan traces the Latin verb to Proto-Italic [[m|itc-pro|*skreif-e/o-|t=to carve]] and Proto-Indo-European [[m|ine-pro|*skreybʰ-|t=to carve]], with Oscan [[m|osc|scriftas|t=written]] and [[lv|skrīpāt|t=to scratch, scribble]].^(de Vaan 2008) Nocentini notes that writing came late among human crafts, so that verbs for it were mostly taken from verbs for incising or scratching, and compares [[ru|скрести́|tr=skrestí|t=to scratch]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto 1968) The Latin verb was borrowed into Celtic and Germanic, giving [[goh|scrīban]] and modern [[de|schreiben]].^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ GRADIT dates the verb to 1219.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DIFIT) DELI's first dated sense, “to trace letters and signs”, is from the ''Novellino'' at the end of the 13th century, while “to compose a work” is in Dante's ''Vita nuova'' (1293–1294).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Brunetto Latini already sets reading and writing side by side: grammar “insegna drittamente parlare e drittamente scrivere” (teaches to speak and write correctly).^(GDLI) The sense “to write to someone, correspond” is in Iacopone da Todi (before 1306), “to state in one's works” in the translation of Crescenzi (c. 1350), and “to spell” in Benedetto Varchi (before 1565).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ From the participle came ''scritto'' “written” and ''è scritto'' “it is destined”, already in Dante.^(DELI 1999)^(Treccani 2011) Other derivatives followed: ''scrittore'' (before 1294), ''scrittoio'' “study, writing desk” (Boccaccio), ''scritturare'' “to engage an actor” (1805).^(DELI 1999) The English slang ''screeve'' “to write” (1851) may come from the Italian verb.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1219 – First record.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Late 12th century – ''Scrittura'' “document” is in the ''Ritmo cassinese''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses ''scritto'' and ''scrittore''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1293–1294 – Dante uses it for composing a work.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1306 – Iacopone da Todi uses it for writing letters.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1565 – Benedetto Varchi uses it for spelling a word.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1805 – ''Scritturare'' “to engage a performer” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1851 – English slang ''screeve'' is recorded.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|write]], to trace letters, figures or notes on a surface: ''Mia figlia ha imparato a scrivere a cinque anni.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|spell]], ''(reflexive, impersonal)'' to be spelled: ''Come si scrive il tuo cognome?''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To compose a text or a piece of music: ''scrivere un giallo'', ''scrivere una sonata''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To write to someone, send a letter or message: ''Ti scrivo appena arrivo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To be a writer, to write for a living or as an activity.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of a pen, to work: ''Questa matita non scrive.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To note down, record: ''scrivere la data in fondo''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[scritto]]

+ * [[scritta]]

+ * [[scrittore]]

+ * [[scrittura]]

+ * [[scrittoio]]

+ * [[scritturare]]

+ * [[scrivente]]

+ * [[scrivania]]

+ * [[scrivano]]

+ * [[scribacchiare]]

+ * [[riscrivere]]

+ * [[ascrivere]]

+ * [[coscrivere]]

+ * [[sottoscrivere]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[scriba]]

+ * [[scripta]]

+ * [[scrittorio]]

+ * [[scriversi]]

+ * [[scrivibile]]

+ * [[scriviritto]]

+ * [[descrivere]]

+ * [[iscrivere]]

+ * [[prescrivere]]

+ * [[la|scribo]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Saper leggere e scrivere'' is to have a basic education, and ''è scritto'' or ''era scritto'' means “it was fated”.^(Treccani 2011) ''Macchina da scrivere'' is a typewriter.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}