sisto Latin · revision 3784

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɪs.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsis.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sistō''' (present infinitive sistere, perfect active stitī, supine statum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*s(t)i-sta/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*sti-sth₂-|t=to make stand]], a reduplicated present of the root of [[sto|alt=stō]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary gives the root as [[ine-pro|*steh₂-|t=to stand]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[xum|sestu|t=I place]] and with [[grc|ἵστημι|tr=hístēmi|t=to make stand]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to make a person or animal stand, as Aeneas setting a sow at the altar in Virgil, and in law to make someone appear in court on the appointed day.^(OLD 2012) It meant to plant firmly, to station troops, to make steady, and to halt, as Turnus stopping his horses.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant to check the flow of streams and to put an end to an activity, as Ovid's “stop the goddesses' contest”.^(OLD 2012) Its compounds include [[resisto|alt=resistere]], [[consisto|alt=cōnsistere]] and [[exsisto|alt=exsistere]].^(de Vaan 2008) English ''exist'' and ''resist'' come from these, and ''sist'' is a Scots legal borrowing of the 1640s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of setting a victim at the altar and of halting horses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of ending a contest.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''resist'' comes from its compound ''resistere''.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1600 – English ''exist'' comes from ''exsistere''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make (someone) stand, set, place.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' To produce (a person) in court, ''(intransitive)'' to appear in court.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To present, hand over.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To plant firmly; to [[m|en|station]] (troops).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make steady, [[m|en|stabilize]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stop, [[m|en|halt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To check the flow of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To put an end to.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[absistō]]

+ * [[assistō]]

+ * [[circumsistō]]

+ * [[cōnsistō]]

+ * [[dēsistō]]

+ * [[exsistō]]

+ * [[īnsistō]]

+ * [[intersistō]]

+ * [[obsistō]]

+ * [[persistō]]

+ * [[prōsistō]]

+ * [[resistō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stō]]

+ * [[en|exist]]

+ * [[en|resist]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says ''sistere'' and ''inhibere'' both mean to make something stand still, ''sistere'' of a living, moving thing, while ''statuere'' means to make something stand fast.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}