sole Italian · revision 37809

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1224, Saint Francis of Assisi|origins=ine-pro *sóh₂wl̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈso.le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sole''' ''m'' (plural soli, diminutive (colloquial) solicèllo or (uncommon) solicìno)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|sōl|t=sun]], from the accusative ⟨sōlem⟩.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) The Latin noun survives in [[oc|sol]], [[ca|sol]], [[es|sol]], [[pt|sol]], [[sc|sole]] and [[ro|soare]]; [[fr|soleil]] and [[m|oc|solelh]] continue the diminutive [[la-vul|*sōliculus]], which Meyer-Lübke explains as a way of keeping the noun apart from [[m|la|sōlus|t=alone]] where the two had become alike.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ The Latin word belongs to the oldest Indo-European vocabulary, though its suffix and inflection vary too much from language to language for one form to be reconstructed: compare [[grc|ἥλιος|tr=hḗlios]], [[sa|सूर्य|tr=sū́rya]], [[lt|saulė]], [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻|tr=sauil]] and [[goh|sunna]].^(Nocentini 2010) Wiktionary sets up [[ine-pro|*sóh₂wl̥]], but the exact shape of the root and the way it became the Latin noun are disputed.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest record is Saint Francis of Assisi's Canticle of the Creatures, about 1224, where the word names the star itself.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the star itself the word passed to its light and warmth (''stare al sole'', before 1321 in Dante), and in Dante's poetry to the day and even the year: ''infra tre soli'' is “within three years”.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) From the early 15th century ''sole'' became a symbol of splendour, beauty and power, and Petrarch had already used it for the beloved, whose eyes the poets called ''soli''.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary) Old forms include ''sólle'' and ''suòle''.^(GDLI)

+

+ Among its derivatives, ''solare'' is a learned word taken from Latin ''sōlāris'' (1353, Boccaccio), while ''soleggiare'' “to put in the sun” (1641) may come from Vulgar Latin ''*sōliculāre''.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) ''Solleone'', the hottest part of summer, is the sun in the sign of Leo.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Prati 1951)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1224 – Saint Francis uses ''sole'' in the Canticle of the Creatures.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses it for “day”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses it for “sunlight”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1353 – Boccaccio uses ''solare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1374 – Petrarch uses it for the beloved.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1641 – ''soleggiare'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(usually capitalized)'' The [[m|en|Sun]], the star around which the Earth and the other planets orbit.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Any star at the centre of a planetary system.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # The sun as seen from the Earth, rising and setting: ''Partimmo prima che il sole sorgesse.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # [[m|en|sunlight]], the sun's light and warmth: ''Il gatto dorme al sole sul balcone.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A sunny place, a place facing south.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A symbol of beauty, happiness or power, ''(literary)'' the beloved person.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DELI 1999)

+ # ''(literary)'' A day, a year.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # One of the cards of the [[m|en|tarot]].^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[solare]]

+ * [[soleggiare]]

+ * [[soleggiato]]

+ * [[solleone]]

+ * [[assolato]]

+ * [[controsole]]

+ * [[insolazione]]

+ * [[girasole]]

+ * [[parasole]]

+ * [[prendisole]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[solatio]]

+ * [[la|sōl]]

+ * [[fr|soleil]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases: ''alla luce del sole'' “openly, with nothing hidden”, ''prendere il sole'' “to sunbathe”, ''occhiali da sole'' “sunglasses” and ''niente di nuovo sotto il sole'' “nothing new under the sun”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) DEI has a separate word ''sòle'' “sole (the fish)”, a 19th-century borrowing of French ''sole'' from hotel menus.^(DEI|3532)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}