scuola Italian · revision 37767

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=end of the 12th century, Ritmo di Sant'Alessio|origins=grc σχολή}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈskwɔ.la/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''scuola''' ''f'' (plural scuole, diminutive scuolétta)^(Wiktionary)

+ The popular and poetic form is [[scola]].^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ Old texts also have [[roa-oit|scòlla]], [[roa-oit|scora]] and [[roa-oit|squòla]].^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|schola|alt=schŏla|t=school]], [[bor|grc|σχολή|tr=skholḗ|t=free time, rest; study; school]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The Greek word first meant “free time, quiet, rest”, then study and learned discussion, and then the place where it was held.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) DELI connects it with [[grc|ἔχω|tr=ékhō|t=to hold; to occupy oneself]].^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The word is pan-Romance: [[fr|école]], [[oc|escola]], [[ca|escola]], [[es|escuela]], [[pt|escola]], [[sc|iscola]] and [[ro|școală]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) DEI and Körting regard its Romance forms as semi-learned rather than fully popular.^(DEI|3431)^(Körting 1907) Latin passed it on to Celtic and Germanic as well, as in [[ang|scol]] and [[de|Schule]].^(DEI|3431)^(REW 1935) The standard form has the diphthong /wɔ/ of a stressed open /ɔ/, while [[scola]] keeps the plain vowel.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record, in the form ''scola'', is in the ''Ritmo di Sant'Alessio'' from the end of the 12th century: ''Poi lu fante foe crescutu, / a la scola foe transutu'' (“When the boy had grown, he was sent to school”).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI) The ''Fiore'' (1280–1310) also has ''scola'', and the ''Novellino'' at the end of the 13th century uses the word for the place where lessons are held.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Dante extended the word to the teaching and practice one receives (before 1321) and to a group of poets or thinkers who follow one master (1313–1319).^(DELI 1999) From the 14th century, in Boccaccio, ''scuola'' also meant a religious confraternity, a sense found in Medieval Latin from the 9th century and recorded at Venice from 1142, and, from the 16th century the building where a confraternity met.^(DEI|3431) Through that use it came to mean a synagogue, recorded in 1729 in Fagiuoli.^(DEI|3431) The Venetian ''scuole'', with their famous paintings, made the word known abroad, and English writers used it of them from 1720.^(DIFIT)

+

+ In the 20th century the word came to stand for a country's whole school system (1965, Garzanti).^(DELI 1999) Its derivative ''scuolabus'' (1965) is the English ''schoolbus''.^(DELI 1999) A separate Tuscan ''scuola'' meant “shuttle” for weaving, and a kind of bread shaped like one.^(DEI|3431)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – ''Scola'' appears in the ''Ritmo di Sant'Alessio''.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+ * 1142 – A confraternity called ''scuola'' is recorded at Venice.^(DEI|3431)

+ * 1280–1310 – The ''Fiore'' has ''scola''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Late 13th century – The ''Novellino'' uses it for the place of teaching.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1313–1319 – Dante uses it for the followers of one master.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 14th century – Boccaccio uses ''scuola'' for a confraternity.^(DEI|3431)

+ * 1720 – English first records ''scuola'' for a Venetian confraternity.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1729 – Fagiuoli uses ''scuola'' for a synagogue.^(DEI|3431)

+ * 1965 – The sense “a country's school system” and the word ''scuolabus'' are recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|school]]: an institution, public or private, that gives methodical, collective teaching: ''Mia figlia comincia la scuola a settembre.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The [[m|en|education]] system of a country: ''Il governo promette più fondi alla scuola pubblica.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A school or course for a practical skill: ''una scuola di vela''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Teaching, lessons, the school day: ''Domani non c'è scuola per lo sciopero.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # The pupils and staff of a school: ''Tutta la scuola è uscita in cortile.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # The [[m|en|building]] of a school: ''La scuola è dietro la chiesa.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A school of thought or art, the followers of one master or method: ''la scuola siciliana''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999)

+ # ''(history)'' At Venice, a religious and charitable [[m|en|confraternity]], or its seat.^(DIFIT)^(DEI|3431)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[scuolabus]]

+ * [[scuoletta]]

+ * [[scolaro]]

+ * [[scolaresca]]

+ * [[scolaretto]]

+ * [[scolastico]]

+ * [[scolastica]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[autoscuola]]

+ * [[scolare]]

+ * [[scolarità]]

+ * [[la|schola]]

+ * [[grc|σχολή|tr=skholḗ]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Fare scuola'' means both “to teach” and, figuratively, “to set an example that others follow”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}