traduzione Italian · revision 37744

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1340, Ottimo commento|origins=la dūcō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /tra.du(t)ˈt͡sjo.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''traduzione''' ''f'' (plural traduzioni)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la|trāductiō|t=transfer]], from [[m|la|trādūcō|t=to lead across, to transfer]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb is [[m|la|dūcō|t=to lead]] with the prefix [[m|la|trāns|t=across]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The sense “translation” came with the verb [[tradurre]].^(DELI 1999) According to DELI, its shift from “to carry across” to “to carry from one language into another” is owed to Leonardo Bruni, who misread a passage of Aulus Gellius, “vocabulum graecum vetus traductum in linguam romanam”, where the participle simply means “transferred”.^(DELI 1999) The new verb spread in the 15th century and replaced the older [[traslatare]].^(DELI 1999) The bureaucratic sense “transfer of a prisoner” follows French [[m|fr|traduction]].^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in the ''Ottimo commento'' to Dante, before 1340, and its Old Italian senses are “carrying from one place to another” (also burial and forced migration), a figure of speech that repeats a word, and the translation of a text.^(TLIO) DELI dates the act of translating from Claudio Tolomei, before 1557, who wrote of ''la traduzion di varii libri''.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The concrete sense “a translated text” is recorded from Anton Maria Salvini, before 1729, who wrote of the Septuagint and other ''traduzioni'' from Hebrew into Greek.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The schoolroom sense, a translation exercise, is in the 1922 Zingarelli.^(DELI 1999) The bureaucratic sense, the transfer of a detainee, dates from a treaty with the Republic of San Marino of 1802.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ In the 20th century the word gained a sense in biology, the making of a protein from the information in messenger RNA, and fixed phrases such as ''traduzione simultanea'' and ''traduzione automatica''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) Zingarelli contrasts it with ''volgarizzamento'', the medieval term for a translation from Latin or Greek into a Romance vernacular.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1340 – The ''Ottimo commento'' uses ''traduzione''.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1557 – Claudio Tolomei uses it for the act of translating.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1729 – Anton Maria Salvini uses it for a translated text.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1802 – A treaty with San Marino uses it for the transfer of prisoners.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1922 – The Zingarelli dictionary records the sense “school translation exercise”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|translation|alt=Translation]], the act of putting a text or speech into another language: ''la traduzione di un saggio dal tedesco''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A translated text; also, the way a text has been translated: ''una traduzione troppo libera''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A translation done as a school exercise.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(bureaucratic)'' The transfer of a [[m|en|prisoner]] from one place to another.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(biology)'' The process by which messenger RNA directs the building of a [[m|en|protein]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tradurre]]

+ * [[traduttore]]

+ * [[tradotto]]

+ * [[la|trāductiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases are ''traduzione simultanea'' and ''consecutiva'' (by an interpreter during or after a speech), ''traduzione letterale'' (word for word), ''traduzione a fronte'' (printed opposite the original) and ''traduzione automatica'' (by computer).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}