sangue Italian · revision 37735

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 1292, Bono Giamboni|origins=la sanguis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈsan.ɡwe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sangue''' ''m'' (plural sangui)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old and dialect forms include [[roa-oit|sange]], [[roa-oit|sango]] and [[roa-oit|sànguinu]], and the word was sometimes feminine in Old Italian (''la sange'', ''la sàngua''), with a plural ''le sangui''.^(GDLI|17, 497) It was feminine in Old Venetian, Old Sienese and Old Apulian, as in Spanish.^(DEI|3331)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|sanguis|t=blood]], through the accusative ⟨sanguem⟩, which replaced classical ⟨sanguinem⟩ (Wiktionary calls it Late Latin), or through the old neuter [[m|la|sanguen]].^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Nocentini 2010) The word is panromance: [[fr|sang]], [[oc|sanc]], [[ca|sang]], [[es|sangre]], [[pt|sangue]], [[sc|sàmbene]] and [[ro|sânge]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ The origin of the Latin word is uncertain.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Its first part may go back to [[ine-pro|*h₁sh₂-én-]], the oblique stem of the PIE word for “blood”, [[m|ine-pro|*h₁ésh₂r̥]], which is [[hit|ēšḫar]], [[sa|असृज्|tr=ásṛj]] and [[grc|ἔαρ|tr=éar]]; the second part is less clear.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) It is disputed whether [[m|la|sanguen]] or [[m|la|sanguis]] is the older form, and Wiktionary favours the view that the neuter was remade after [[m|la|unguen|t=grease]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in Bono Giamboni's ''Vizi e virtudi'', before 1292, for the blood in the body, and Giamboni also writes that “lo sangue è caldo e umido ed ha il suo sedio nel fegato” (blood is hot and moist and has its seat in the liver).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|17, 497)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “family, lineage” is in Brunetto Latini before 1294, and Giovanni Villani uses the word for all that one owns, money and work, before 1348.^(DELI 1999) The language of humours, violence and kinship produced many phrases, from ''a sangue freddo'' to ''bagno di sangue'' and ''all'ultimo sangue''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) ''Sangue blu'' “blue blood” has equivalents in French, English and German and probably goes back to Spanish ''sangre azul'', said of the old families of Castile, whose blue veins showed through fair skin;^(DELI 1999) ''principe del sangue'' copies French ''prince du sang'' (1573).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ As an invariable adjective after a noun, ''sangue'' means “blood-red”, as in ''rosso sangue'' (1872).^(DELI 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''Sangue di drago'', the red resin of a palm, is recorded in Old Sienese in 1310.^(DEI|3331)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses the word for blood.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses it for lineage.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1310 – ''Sangue di drago'' is recorded in Old Sienese.^(DEI|3331)

+ * Before 1348 – Giovanni Villani uses it for one's possessions.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1872 – The adjectival use “blood-red” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1942 – ''Sanguemisto'' “person of mixed race” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|blood]], the red fluid that circulates in the body of vertebrates.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Blood shed from the body: ''Aveva le mani sporche di sangue.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Bloodshed, killing; the lives lost in a war or struggle: ''anni di sangue''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Lineage, descent; kinship: ''vincolo di sangue''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Temperament, character: ''avere il sangue caldo''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(invariable)'' Blood-red, in ''rosso sangue''.^(DELI 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sanguemisto]]

+ * [[sanguetta]]

+ * [[sanguinaccio]]

+ * [[sanguinella]]

+ * [[sanguigna]]

+ * [[dissanguare]]

+ * [[rinsanguare]]

+ * [[purosangue]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[insanguinare]]

+ * [[sanguifero]]

+ * [[sanguificare]]

+ * [[sanguigno]]

+ * [[sanguinare]]

+ * [[sanguinario]]

+ * [[sanguineo]]

+ * [[sanguinoso]]

+ * [[sanguisuga]]

+ * [[sanguinolento]]

+ * [[consanguineo]]

+ * [[esangue]]

+ * [[la|sanguis]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Al sangue'' is said of meat cooked rare: ''una bistecca al sangue''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020) The plural ''sangui'' is literary or rare.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}