vicino Italian · revision 37680

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 13th century|origins=ine-pro *weyḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /viˈt͡ʃi.no/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vicino''' (feminine vicina, masculine plural vicini, feminine plural vicine, superlative vicinissimo)^(Wiktionary)

+ As a noun “neighbour”: ''vicino'' m, plural ''vicini'', feminine ''vicina''.^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian had ''vecino'', and northern texts ''vesino'', ''vexino'' and ''veximo''.^(GDLI|21, 852)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-lat|vecinus|alt=vēcīnus]], [[inh|la|vicinus|alt=vīcīnus|t=of the same village; neighbour]].^(Wiktionary)^(REW 1935)^(DELI 1999) The Latin adjective, formed from [[m|la|vīcus|t=village, street]], meant “belonging to the same ⟨vicus⟩”, and was already used as a noun in Latin.^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(OLD 2012) The form with ⟨e⟩ is attested in Servius and in an Italian document of 715 and is probably due to dissimilation of the two vowels;^(Wiktionary)^(REW 1935) Meyer-Lübke derives from it the Italian word and most of the Romance ones, and only [[sc|bighinu]] from the classical form.^(Wiktionary)^(REW 1935)

+

+ The word is found in every Romance language: [[ro|vecin]], [[fr|voisin]], [[oc|vezin]], [[ca|veí|alt=vehí]], [[es|vecino]] and [[pt|vizinho]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) The Latin noun [[m|la|vīcus]] is [[itc-pro|*weiko-|t=settlement]], from the root [[ine-pro|*weyḱ-|alt=*ueiḱ-|t=settlement]], also in [[grc|οἶκος|tr=oîkos|t=house]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Nocentini and Devoto–Oli date the word to the beginning of the 13th century.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) DELI's first record of the noun “neighbour” is in Brunetto Latini, before 1294, and of the adjective “near” in Dante, 1300–1313.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Dante the adjective already meant both “near” and “close to one another”; the sense “imminent” is in Tasso (1581), and the figurative “similar” in Tommaseo's dictionary (1879).^(DELI 1999) Old Italian also used the noun for a fellow citizen and for the inhabitants of a district.^(Prati 1951|1053)^(GRADIT 2003) The adverb “near, close by” is dated by DELI to 1810, though DEI finds adverb and preposition in the 14th century.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|4048)

+

+ Medieval Latin ⟨vicinantia⟩ and ⟨vicinata⟩, from the same stem, survive in place names of the Alps and in dialect words for an assembly of the villagers, and ''vicinia'' (1572) named a rural community of the Middle Ages.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 13th century – First records of the word.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses ''vicino'' “neighbour”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses the adjective “near”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1581 – Tasso uses it for “imminent”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1810 – The adverb “close by” is recorded in Milan.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1879 – Tommaseo records the sense “similar”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|near]], close, at a short distance: ''un villaggio vicino'', ''vicino a'' “near to”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Imminent, approaching: ''Il Natale è vicino.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # Close to reaching a state or doing something: ''essere vicino ai sessanta''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Close in idea or feeling; supportive: ''Mi sei stato molto vicino.''^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # Closely related: ''Siamo parenti vicini.''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # Similar, akin: ''un verde vicino al grigio''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|neighbour]], ''vicino di casa'' “next-door neighbour”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The person next to one: ''il mio vicino di posto''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(literary)'' A fellow citizen.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Near, close by: ''Abito qui vicino.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vicinanza]]

+ * [[vicinato]]

+ * [[vicinale]]

+ * [[vicinia]]

+ * [[viciniore]]

+ * [[avvicinare]]

+ * [[avvicinamento]]

+ * [[ravvicinare]]

+ * [[circonvicino]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vico]]

+ * [[villa]]

+ * [[la|vicinus]]

+ * [[fr|voisin]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Vicino a'' works as a preposition (''vicino alla stazione''), and ''da vicino'' means “at close range”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}