dormire Italian · revision 37658

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 12th century, Proverbia quae dicuntur (Venetian)|origins=ine-pro *drem-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /dorˈmi.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dormire''' (first-person singular present dòrmo, first-person singular past historic dormìi, past participle dormìto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|dormiō|t=to sleep|alt=dormīre]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The verb lives on in every Romance language, as [[fr|dormir]], [[oc|dormir]], [[ca|dormir]], [[es|dormir]], [[pt|dormir]], [[sc|dormire]] and [[ro|durmi]], and DÉRom reconstructs a Proto-Romance ⟨*/ˈdɔrm-i-/⟩.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(DÉRom) Meyer-Lübke noted a form with the /r/ moved, ⟨dromir⟩, in northern Italian, Rhaeto-Romance, French, Occitan and Portuguese dialects.^(REW 1935)

+

+ The Latin verb continues [[itc-pro|*dormiō]], [[ine-pro|*dr̥m-yé-ti]], built on the root [[ine-pro|*drem-|t=to sleep]].^(Wiktionary) Nocentini compares [[cu|дрѣмати|tr=drěmati|t=to doze]] and, formed differently, [[grc|δαρθάνω|tr=darthánō|t=to sleep]] and [[sa|द्राति|tr=drā́ti|t=sleeps]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|1385) Devoto thought the root named sleep as the opposite of waking rather than as a lasting state, unlike the root of [[sonno]].^(Devoto 1968|153)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the Venetian ''Proverbia quae dicuntur'', of the last quarter of the 12th century.^(TLIO) DELI's first Tuscan-literary record is Iacopo d'Aquino, early in the 13th century, with the sense “to rest by sleeping”.^(DELI 1999) Guittone d'Arezzo wrote: “Piò soave dorme in vile e picciul letto, non face segnore en grande e caro suo” (one sleeps more sweetly in a poor small bed than a lord in his great costly one).^(GDLI|4, 967)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Figurative senses came early: “to lie dead” in Bono Giamboni before 1292, “to be idle, inactive” in Iacopone before 1306, and “to be silent and still” of places in Teofilo Folengo before 1544.^(DELI 1999) The transitive use with an internal object (''dormire un sonno tranquillo'') is in Petrarch.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Old Italian already used ''dormire con'' for sexual relations.^(TLIO)

+

+ Several set phrases have a history.^(DELI 1999)^(Zingarelli 2010) ''Dormire fra due guanciali'', to have nothing to fear, matches the Latin ''in aurem utramvis dormire'', to sleep on either ear.^(DELI 1999) ''Dormire della grossa'', to sleep soundly, refers to the third sleep of silkworms.^(Zingarelli 2010) The proverb ''chi dorme non piglia pesci'' (he who sleeps catches no fish) warns the idle.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) Among the derivatives, ''dormiveglia'' “half-sleep” is a compound of the imperatives ''dormi'' and ''veglia'' (1745), and ''dormizione'', the Dormition of Mary, is the learned Latin ''dormitio''.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|1385)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – The Venetian ''Proverbia quae dicuntur'' use the verb.^(TLIO)

+ * Early 13th century – Iacopo d'Aquino uses it for sleeping.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses it for lying dead.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1306 – Iacopone uses it for being idle.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1374 – Petrarch uses it transitively.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1745 – ''Dormiveglia'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|sleep]]: ''Stanotte ho dormito pochissimo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''dormire con qualcuno'': to share a bed or room with someone, ''(euphemistic)'' to have sex with someone.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To be [[m|en|idle]], slow or inattentive: ''In quell'ufficio non si muove nessuno, dormono tutti.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To have no worries, especially in ''dormire tranquillo''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(figurative, literary)'' To lie dead, to rest in the grave.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Of a place, to be still and silent; of a matter, to be set aside and forgotten: ''La pratica dorme da mesi in un cassetto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(transitive)'' With an internal object: ''dormire sonni tranquilli'', ''dormire il sonno del giusto'', to sleep the sleep of the just.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''il dormire'': sleep, sleeping.^(GRADIT 2003)^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dormiente]]

+ * [[dormiglione]]

+ * [[dormita]]

+ * [[dormitorio]]

+ * [[dormiveglia]]

+ * [[dormicchiare]]

+ * [[dormizione]]

+ * [[addormentare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|dormiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases include ''dormire come un ghiro'' (to sleep like a dormouse, very soundly), ''dormire in piedi'' (to be dropping with sleep), ''dormire a occhi aperti'' and ''dormirci sopra'' (to sleep on a decision).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) The verb takes ''avere'' and has the present ''dormo'', with an open /ɔ/.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}