restare Italian · revision 37652

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=13th century|origins=la stō}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /resˈta.re/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''restare''' (first-person singular present rèsto, first-person singular past historic restài, past participle restàto, auxiliary èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|restō|t=to stay behind, remain|alt=restāre]], a learned word, formed [[af|la|re-|stō|t1=back, again|t2=to stand]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto 1968|368) Nocentini lists [[fr|rester]] and [[es|restar]] beside it, while Meyer-Lübke thought the French verb was taken from Italian.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) The Latin verb also lies behind [[resto]], [[arrestare]] and [[restio]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

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+ A variant [[ristare]], with the inherited prefix [[ri-]] in place of the learned one, took the particular senses “to pause” and “to cease”.^(Nocentini 2010)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record, from an anonymous text of the 13th century, has the sense “to stop, halt”;^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Nocentini dates ''restare'' before 1313 and ''ristare'' to the 13th century.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) GRADIT illustrates the old sense with Petrarch: “come uom che per terren dubio cavalca, / che va restando ad ogni passo, e guarda” (like a man riding over uncertain ground, who stops at every step and looks around).^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “to stay in a place” is in Dante (1300–1313), and “to end up in a situation” in Boccaccio (1339–1340).^(DELI 1999) Boccaccio also has “to be left over” (1348–1353), and Dante and the ''Novellino'' have the literary “to cease”.^(DELI 1999) Later senses are “to stay in a position” (1671), “to be situated” (1872, Tommaseo) and “to survive” (1891).^(DELI 1999) The noun [[resto]] “remainder” is recorded before 1348, and as the change given back after a payment in 1332–1336.^(DELI 1999)

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+ DELI explains two phrases.^(DELI 1999) ''Restare al verde'', to be penniless, is linked to the old custom of painting green the bottom of the candles used at auctions: when the flame reached the green, no more bids were taken.^(DELI 1999) ''Restare di sale'', to be dumbfounded, recalls Lot's wife, turned into a pillar of salt.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – An anonymous text uses ''restare'' for “to stop”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses it for staying in a place.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1332–1336 – ''Resto'' is used for change in a Lucchese merchant's book.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1348–1353 – Boccaccio uses ''restare'' for “to be left over”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1891 – It is recorded in the sense “to survive”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|stay]], to remain in a place: ''Domenica restiamo in città.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To remain in a state or condition: ''La porta è restata aperta tutta la notte.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be [[m|en|left]], left over: ''Mi restano solo dieci euro.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To end up, find oneself in a situation, especially in phrases like ''restare male'', to be hurt or disappointed, and ''restare a piedi'', to be left without transport.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Of news, to go no further: ''resti tra noi'', between ourselves.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(literary)'' To stop; to cease doing something.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[resto]]

+ * [[restante]]

+ * [[ristare]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rimanere]]

+ * [[stare]]

+ * [[arrestare]]

+ * [[restio]]

+ * [[la|restō]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ It takes ''essere'' (''sono restato'').^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) In most uses it is a synonym of [[rimanere]], and it also appears in the pronominal form ''restarsene'' (''me ne resto a casa'').^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}