nome Italian · revision 37632

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 13th century, translation of Rainerio da Perugia|origins=ine-pro *h₃néh₃mn̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈno.me/, /ˈnɔ.me/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nome''' ''m'' (plural nomi or (Old Italian) nómora)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old forms include ''nomo'' and ''nuòme'';^(GDLI) Old Sicilian has ''nomo'' and ''nomu''.^(DEI|2595)

+ Old Italian had the plurals ''nomina'', a relic of the Latin neuter plural, and ''nómora''.^(DEI|2595)^(GDLI)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|nōmen|t=name]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The word is panromance: [[fr|nom]], [[oc|nom]], [[ca|nom]], [[es|nombre]], [[pt|nome]], [[sc|lùmene]] and [[ro|nume]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(Körting 1907) DELI classes it with its learned derivatives, and Meyer-Lübke observed that the noun often shows the open vowel of book words;^(DELI 1999)^(REW 1935) Wiktionary gives both /ˈno.me/ and /ˈnɔ.me/.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The Latin word belongs to the shared Indo-European vocabulary, with cognates such as [[sa|नामन्|tr=nā́man]], [[grc|ὄνομα|tr=ónoma]], [[hit|lāman]], [[cu|имѧ|tr=imę]], [[got|𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉|tr=namō]] and [[sga|ainm]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) The reconstruction of the root is disputed: de Vaan sets out [[ine-pro|*h₃néh₃-mn̥]], while Wiktionary gives [[m|ine-pro|*h₁nómn̥]] and explains the Latin long vowel by association with [[m|la|nōscō|alt=gnōscō|t=to know]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Its grammatical sense “noun” was modelled on the Greek word.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in an early 13th-century translation of the rhetoric of Rainerio da Perugia, in the sense of the word by which a person, animal or thing is called;^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Nocentini dates the word to the end of the 12th century.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) The sense “personal name” is in the ''Novellino'' at the end of the 13th century.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Domenico Cavalca, before 1342, uses the word for “fame, reputation”, the sense of ''farsi un nome'' (to make a name for oneself).^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Dante draws on the grammarians' opposition of name and thing: ''Fai come quei che la cosa per nome / apprende ben'' (you do as one who grasps a thing well by its name, ''Paradiso'' 20).^(GDLI|11, 513) By metonymy the word came to mean a family or lineage and a famous person: ''i grandi nomi della musica''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ The family is old: ''nomare'' “to name” is in Dante, ''nomea'' “reputation” in Matteo Villani, and ''nomignolo'' “nickname” in Francesco da Buti (before 1406); Giovanni Alessio derived the last from a Latin ''*nōmineus''.^(DELI 1999) ''Nomare'' lived on in nineteenth-century books, and Silvio Pellico still uses it.^(DELI 1999) In computing the GDLI's supplement records ''nome utente'', “username”.^(GDLI|11, 513)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 13th century – The word appears in a translation of Rainerio da Perugia.^(DELI 1999)

+ * End of the 13th century – The ''Novellino'' uses it for a personal name.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses ''nomare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1342 – Domenico Cavalca uses it for “fame”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1406 – ''Nomignolo'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|name]]: the word or words by which a person, animal, thing or idea is called: ''il nome di questo fiore''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(grammar)'' [[m|en|noun]]: ''nome proprio'', ''nome comune''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # First name; also the full name of a person: ''scrivete nome e cognome''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # Family, lineage: ''porta un nome nobile''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # A famous person: ''un grande nome del cinema''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # [[m|en|reputation]], fame: ''ha nome di buon medico''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nomare]]

+ * [[nomea]]

+ * [[nomignolo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cognome]]

+ * [[nominale]]

+ * [[nominare]]

+ * [[soprannome]]

+ * [[nomina]]

+ * [[nominativo]]

+ * [[nomenclatura]]

+ * [[prenome]]

+ * [[la|nōmen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases are ''a nome di'' (on behalf of), ''in nome di'' (in the name of), ''di nome'' (by name, in name only), ''nome d'arte'' (stage name) and ''chiamare le cose col loro nome'' (to call a spade a spade).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}