morire Italian · revision 37623

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1219, Breve di Montieri|origins=ine-pro *mer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /moˈri.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''morire''' (first-person singular present muòio, first-person singular past historic morìi, past participle mòrto, first-person singular future morirò or (literary) morrò, auxiliary èssere or (transitive) avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ The present is irregular: ''muoio'', ''muori'', ''muore'', popular and regional ''moio'' and ''moro''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) The future is ''morirò'' or literary ''morrò''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) Old texts have ''murire'' and ''morere''.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*moriō|alt=*morīre]], for classical [[la|morior|alt=morī|t=to die]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Early Latin already had the infinitive ⟨morīrī⟩ in Plautus and Ennius,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) and the spoken language turned the deponent into an active verb.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The same verb is [[fr|mourir]], [[oc|morir]], [[ca|morir]], [[es|morir]] and [[ro|muri]]; [[sc|mòrrere]] and [[pt|morrer]] come from a variant ⟨*morĕre⟩.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) That variant may also lie behind Ticinese ⟨mor⟩.^(DEI|2511)^(REW 1935)

+

+ De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic ⟨*morje-⟩ and [[ine-pro|*mr̥-yé-|t=to die]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*mer-]], which Nocentini glosses as “to die a natural death”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010) Related words are [[lt|mirti]], [[cu|мрѣти|tr=mrěti]] and [[grc|ἄμβροτος|tr=ámbrotos|t=immortal]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) In the Germanic languages the root came to mean “murder”, as in [[de|Mord]].^(Devoto 1968|288)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is ''murire'' in the ''Breve di Montieri'' of 1219, followed by ''morire'' in an inventory of Orlando's goods of 1221, both in the sense “to cease living”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian poetry soon made dying a figure of suffering: ''morir'' is better than endless pain for Re Enzo, and DELI dates the sense “to suffer intensely” to the 14th-century ''Pianto della Madonna''.^(GDLI)^(DELI 1999) The figurative senses “to cease to exist” (Antonio Cocchi, before 1758) and “to fade away” (Manzoni, 1840–1842) followed.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Modern Italian uses it hyperbolically: ''morire di fame'', ''morire dal ridere'', and ''da morire'' “terribly”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011) A road, river or train line ''muore'' where it ends.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The transitive sense “to kill” is literary or Tuscan, as in Foscolo's ''hai morta l'innocente figlia'' (“you have killed the innocent daughter”).^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary) The proverb ''chi non muore si rivede'' greets someone not seen for a long time.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1219 – ''Murire'' appears in the ''Breve di Montieri''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1221 – ''Morire'' appears in an inventory of Orlando's goods.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 13th century – ''Morente'' “dying” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 14th century – The ''Pianto della Madonna'' uses it for “to suffer intensely”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1341–1342 – Boccaccio uses ''moribundo''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1840–1842 – Manzoni uses it for “to fade away”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|die]], to cease living: ''È morto nel sonno a novant'anni.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of plants and animals, to die: ''Il basilico è morto per il gelo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To come to an end, to [[m|en|fade]]; of a road or river, to end: ''La strada muore ai piedi della collina.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(hyperbolic)'' To suffer from or feel intensely: ''morire di sete'', ''morire dalla voglia'', ''da morire'' “terribly”: ''Fa un freddo da morire.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(literary or Tuscan, transitive)'' To kill.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of dying, death; the end: ''al morire della sera'' “as evening ends”.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[morente]]

+ * [[morto]]

+ * [[premorire]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[morte]]

+ * [[mortale]]

+ * [[moribondo]]

+ * [[morituro]]

+ * [[moria]]

+ * [[la|morior]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The verb takes ''essere'' as its auxiliary, and ''avere'' in the transitive sense.^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}