shoot English · revision 3761

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 899|origins=gem-pro *skeutaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃuːt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|sheten]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) [[inh|ang|scēotan|t=to dart forth, go swiftly; to discharge a missile]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) a strong verb, from [[gem-pro|*skeutaną]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) which is also the source of Old Saxon skiotan, Old Frisian skiāta, Dutch schieten, Old High German skiozzan (German schießen) and Old Norse skjóta.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) It is often traced to a root *skeud- “to shoot, chase, throw”,^(Etymonline) with Barnhart citing Lithuanian skudrùs “quick, nimble” and Russian kidát' “to throw”,^(Barnhart 1988) but Boutkan gives it no Indo-European etymology.^(Etymonline) It is related to [[sheet]], [[shot]] and [[shut]].^(NODE 1998)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To move swiftly, go suddenly: before 1000 in the OED, of an inanimate thing;^(OED 1989) Barnhart dates the Old English verb to before 899, in Alfred's translation of Orosius.^(Barnhart 1988) Discharging a missile and sending an arrow from a bow were Old English senses too.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of a meteor darting across the sky it is from about 1290,^(OED 1989) hence the [[shooting star]].^(OED 1989) Of plants, “to come forth”, is from the late 15th century, which gave the noun “young branch” in the mid-15th century;^(Etymonline) “to grow quickly”, often with ''up'', is from the 1530s.^(Etymonline) To descend a river quickly is from the 1610s,^(Etymonline) and of light, to be emitted in rays, from 1693.^(OED 1989) The sports sense, to kick or throw towards the goal, is from 1874,^(Etymonline) and the shooting of a film from 1929 for the noun.^(OED 1989) The noun as an act of shooting is from the 1530s, and a shooting party from 1852.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) “To strive for” is American from 1967.^(Etymonline) The interjection ''shoot!'', from 1876, is a euphemism for [[shit]].^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 899 – Old English scēotan.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1290 – of a meteor.^(OED 1989)

+ * mid-15th century – noun, a young branch.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1530s – to grow quickly; an act of shooting.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1610s – to descend rapids.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1852 – a shooting party.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1874 – to shoot at goal.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1876 – ''shoot!''.^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1929 – a film shoot.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To hit, wound or kill with a [[bullet]] or other missile.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To fire a weapon, or let fly an arrow or bullet.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To move swiftly; to [[dart]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To [[photograph]] or film.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To send a ball or puck towards the goal.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Of a plant, to put forth buds or grow quickly.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Of a pain, to pass suddenly through the body.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A young branch or other new growth of a plant.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A shooting party or expedition.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A session of photographing or filming.^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # Expressing annoyance or surprise.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[shooter]]

+ * [[offshoot]]

+ * [[overshoot]]

+ * [[reshoot]]

+ * [[turkey shoot]]

+ * [[bamboo shoot]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[shot]]

+ * [[sheet]]

+ * [[shut]]

+ * [[chute]]

+ * [[shuttle]]

+ * [[scot]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In some senses the noun has been influenced by or confused with [[chute]], as of a channel or conduit for water or coal.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}