arrivare Italian · revision 37599

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=late 12th century, Proverbia que dicuntur (Venetian)|origins=la rīpa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ar.riˈva.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arrivare''' (first-person singular present arrìvo, first-person singular past historic arrivài, past participle arrivàto, auxiliary èssere or (transitive) avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also wrote it ''arivare'', and northern texts have ''arivar''.^(TLIO)^(GDLI)

+ Southern Italy and Lucca have ''arripare'', “to bring to shore”.^(DEI|303)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*arripō|alt=*arripāre|t=to come to the shore]], formed from [[m|la|ad|t=to]] and [[la|rīpa|t=riverbank]] with a verb ending.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(LEI|3, 1387) The LEI considers it probably a Late Latin form, attested as [[la-med|adripo|alt=adripare]] in 822.^(LEI|3, 1387)^(Wiktionary) It is shared with [[fr|arriver]], [[oc|arribar]] and [[ca|arribar]] “to arrive”, and [[es|arribar]] and [[pt|arribar]] “to put into port”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ The ⟨v⟩ for Latin ⟨p⟩ is a northern feature: Devoto takes the word for the Venetian form of a seafaring term, and DEI thinks that a northern origin is enough to explain it, so that a borrowing of [[fro|arriver]] (11th century) need not be assumed.^(Devoto 1968|42)^(DEI|303) Meyer-Lübke instead took the Italian verb from French, a view Körting doubted, and Wiktionary allows for Gallo-Italic or French influence.^(REW 1935)^(Körting 1907)^(Wiktionary) The inherited southern ⟨arripare⟩ keeps the Latin consonant.^(DEI|303)

+

+ The Latin noun comes from [[itc-pro|*reipā]], from [[ine-pro|*h₁réyp-eh₂|t=steep slope]], related to [[grc|ἐρείπω|tr=ereípō|t=to throw down]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the Venetian ''Proverbia que dicuntur'', of the last quarter of the 12th century.^(TLIO) The first sense was “to reach the shore, land”, as in Stefano Protonotaro's ''arrivare in porto'' in the 13th century, and the verb could also mean “to bring to shore”.^(LEI|3, 1387)^(TLIO) Commenting on Dante's ''Inferno'' 17, where Geryon “arrivò la testa e 'l busto” but kept his tail off the bank, Francesco da Buti explained the verb as “placed on the bank”.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense widened from the shore to any destination: Dante compares the pilgrims to a ship that reaches the beach, “pur come nave ch'alla piaggia arriva”.^(GDLI) DELI dates the general sense “to arrive” to about 1300 in the Laude of Urbino, and the transitive “to reach” to 1495–1536.^(DELI 1999) In Old Italian it also meant “to happen to someone” and “to succeed or fail” (''arrivare bene'', ''arrivare male'').^(TLIO)

+

+ In the 20th century ''arrivare'' came to mean “to make it in life”, and ''arrivato'' a person who has done so (1920, Panzini).^(DELI 1999) ''Arrivista'' copies French ''arriviste'', coined in 1893.^(DELI 1999) Colloquially ''arrivarci'' means “to understand”.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 822 – Medieval Latin ''adripare'' is recorded.^(LEI|3, 1387)

+ * Last quarter of the 12th century – The Venetian ''Proverbia que dicuntur'' use the verb.^(TLIO)

+ * 13th century – Stefano Protonotaro writes ''arrivare in porto'' “to land”.^(LEI|3, 1387)

+ * c. 1300 – The Laude of Urbino use it for “to arrive”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1566 – ''Arrivo'' “arrival” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1893 – French ''arriviste'' is coined.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1905 – ''Arrivismo'' appears in Panzini's dictionary.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1922–1923 – Panzini uses the verb for “to make it in life”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|arrive]], reach a place: ''Siamo arrivati a Napoli all’alba.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To come, turn up; of events and seasons, to come round: ''Finalmente è arrivato il caldo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of letters and parcels, to be delivered.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(sports)'' To finish (in a given place): ''arrivare secondo''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To reach a level or amount, extend as far as: ''la gonna le arriva al ginocchio''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To reach (an object) with the hand: ''non arrivo allo scaffale''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # With ''a'' and an infinitive, to manage to; to go so far as to: ''è arrivato a minacciarci''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To [[m|en|succeed]], make it in life.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DELI 1999)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' ''Arrivarci'', to understand.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(literary, transitive)'' To reach (a person).^(Wiktionary)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arrivo]]

+ * [[arrivato]]

+ * [[arrivismo]]

+ * [[arrivista]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[riva]]

+ * [[la|ripa]]

+ * [[fr|arriver]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The verb takes ''essere'' as its auxiliary; the literary transitive use takes ''avere''.^(Wiktionary)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}