finito Italian · revision 37584

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=before 1292, Bono Giamboni|origins=la fīnis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fiˈni.to/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''finito''' (feminine finita, masculine plural finiti, feminine plural finite)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle of [[finire|t=to finish]], used as an adjective.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wikizionario) In the senses “limited, not infinite” of philosophy and mathematics, and in grammar, the DEI treats it as a learned word, taken from [[la|fīnītus|t=bounded, definite]].^(DEI)^(Wiktionary) Latin grammarians used this participle of [[m|la|fīniō|t=to limit; to finish]] as a technical term from Varro on.^(DEI)^(OLD 2012) The verb is formed on [[m|la|fīnis|t=boundary, end]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in Bono Giamboni's ''Vizi e Virtudi'', before 1292, in the sense “brought to an end, concluded”: ''battaglie sanza novero finite'' (“battles without number brought to an end”).^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|5, 1048)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ DELI dates “complete and perfect in every detail” to Domenico Cavalca (before 1342), the mathematical sense “not infinite” to a translation of Augustine at the end of the 14th century, and the grammatical sense of a mood marked for person and number to Benedetto Menzini (before 1704).^(DELI 1999) “Worn out, at the end of one's strength” is in Sabadino degli Arienti in 1483.^(DELI 1999) In Old Italian ''ben finito'' was also a person who had died in the grace of God, and the noun ''il finito'' named what is bounded and mortal, as against God.^(TLIO)

+

+ In commerce ''finito'' meant a settled debt or a paid sum from the 14th century, and the term passed into French (1690) and German (1835).^(DIFIT) Modern usage adds ''prodotto finito'' “finished product” and the colloquial ''farla finita'' “to put an end to it”, also “to kill oneself”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses ''finito'' “concluded”.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1342 – Domenico Cavalca uses it for “complete, perfect”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 14th century – It is used in commerce for a settled debt.^(DIFIT)

+ * Late 14th century – The mathematical sense “not infinite” appears.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1483 – Sabadino degli Arienti uses it for “exhausted”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1704 – Benedetto Menzini uses it as a grammatical term.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|finished]], over, concluded: ''a cena finita uscimmo in giardino''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Complete, carefully made in every part: ''un lavoro finito con cura'', ''prodotto finito'', a finished product.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # Of a craftsman or artist, accomplished, expert.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of a person, ruined, done for: ''dopo lo scandalo era un uomo finito''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(philosophy, mathematics)'' [[m|en|finite]], limited, not infinite: ''un insieme finito''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(grammar)'' Of a verb mood, marked for person and number.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(philosophy)'' ''il finito'': what is limited, as against the infinite.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[finitezza]]

+ * [[finitamente]]

+ * [[semifinito]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[finire]]

+ * [[fine]]

+ * [[infinito]]

+ * [[definito]]

+ * [[la|finitus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Farla finita'' means “to stop, put an end to something” and also “to take one's own life”;^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020) ''è finita'' means “there is nothing more to be done”.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020) ''Finito di stampare'' is the printer's colophon at the end of a book.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}