quindi Italian · revision 37567

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1264|origins=la eccum, la inde}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈkwin.di/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quindi''' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+ An old Pistoiese form is ''quinde''.^(DEI|3180)^(Prati 1951|816)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*eccum inde|t=look, from there]], from [[la|eccum|t=here he is!]] (compare [[ecco]]) and [[m|la|inde|t=from there; thereafter]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) Nocentini explains the final ⟨-i⟩ as an adverbial ending taken from [[qui]] and [[lì]].^(Nocentini 2010) Wiktionary notes that the stressed vowel should have become /e/, and suggests that the /i/ was taken from its pair [[quinci]], from [[la-vul|*eccum hince]], where the following /ntʃ/ raised the vowel regularly.^(Wiktionary) The simple [[indi]] continues the Latin adverb alone.^(Prati 1951)^(Devoto 1968) The same compound gave [[osp|aquende|t=on this side]].^(Körting 1907)

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+ The Latin [[m|la|eccum]] is a contraction of [[m|la|ecce|t=behold]] and probably a form of the demonstrative [[m|la|hic|t=this]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Nocentini and GRADIT date the word to 1264.^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) DELI's first record is in Bono Giamboni's ''Libro de' vizî e delle virtudi'', before 1292, in the sense “from here”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian the word was an adverb of place and time: “from there”, “through that place” and “afterwards”.^(DELI 1999)^(Treccani 2011) Dante closes the ''Inferno'' with it: “E quindi uscimmo a riveder le stelle” (and thence we came out to see the stars again).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Paired with ''quinci'' it meant “on that side”, as in Leopardi's “e quinci il mar da lungi, e quindi il monte” (here the sea far off, and there the mountain).^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ The sense “therefore” is also in Dante, before 1321, and has become the main one, while the uses of place are now literary or obsolete.^(DELI 1999)^(Treccani 2011) ''Parlare in quinci e quindi'' means to speak affectedly, and ''squindi'' (1872) occurs only in the phrase ''senza tanti squinci e squindi''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1264 – First record.^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses it for “from here”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses it for “therefore” and with ''quinci''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1353 – Boccaccio uses it for “afterwards” and “through that place”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1872 – ''Squindi'' is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # [[m|en|therefore]], so: ''pioveva, quindi siamo rimasti a casa''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+ # On its own, asking for a conclusion or an answer: ''quindi? che cosa hai deciso?''^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|then]], afterwards: ''prima ha cenato, quindi è uscito''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(literary)'' From there, through there: ''e quindi uscimmo a riveder le stelle'' (Dante).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(literary, obsolete)'' From then on: ''quindi innanzi''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[squindi]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quinci]]

+ * [[indi]]

+ * [[ecco]]

+ * [[qui]]

+ * [[dunque]]

+ * [[perciò]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}