anno Italian · revision 37513

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=960, Placito di Capua|origins=ine-pro *h₂et-no-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈan.no/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''anno''' ''m'' (plural anni, diminutive annetto)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian and dialect forms include northern [[roa-oit|ano]] and [[roa-oit|an]], Ligurian and Vicentine [[m|roa-oit|agno]] and Sicilian [[m|roa-oit|annu]].^(LEI)^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|annus|t=year]], from the accusative ⟨annum⟩.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The word survives in every Romance language: [[fr|an]], [[oc|an]], [[ca|any]], [[es|año]], [[pt|ano]], [[sc|annu]], [[fur|an]], [[dlm|jan]] and [[ro|an]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(LEI)^(DÉRom) In the sense “last year” central and northern Italian dialects and Romanian agree in using the bare word.^(DEI|212)^(REW 1935)

+

+ The Latin noun continues [[itc-pro|*atnos]], which also gave [[osc|akeneí|t=in the year]] and [[xum|acnu|t=years]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂et-no-]], probably from a root [[m|ine-pro|*h₂et-|t=to go]]: the year is what goes round.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Nocentini 2010) Its closest relative outside Italic is the dative plural [[got|𐌰𐌸𐌽𐌰𐌼|tr=aþnam|t=years]], and the same root is in [[sa|अतति|tr=atati|t=he wanders]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The geminate ⟨-nn-⟩ comes from ⟨-tn-⟩, as in [[la|penna]].^(Wiktionary) The ancients linked the word with [[m|la|anus|t=ring]], as Varro did and Isidore after him, a connection GDLI calls mistaken.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is the Placito di Capua of 960, one of the earliest texts in Italian: “Sao ko kelle terre, per kelle fini que ki contene, trenta anni le possette parte sancti Benedicti” (I know that those lands, within the boundaries described here, were held for thirty years by the party of Saint Benedict).^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)^(GDLI) The sense is a period of twelve months, used to measure a length of time.^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian already used the word for the sun's yearly course through the zodiac, for a lunar year of twelve lunations, for the age of a living being and for dates;^(TLIO)^(LEI) ''anni Domini'' was a 13th-century administrative and church formula from Medieval Latin ''anno Domini''.^(TLIO)^(LEI) ''Mal anno'' “misfortune”, often paired with ''mal dì'', became the noun ''malanno'', and the curse ''mannaggia'' goes back to ''malanno aggia'' (may he have bad luck).^(TLIO)^(LEI)^(REW 1935)

+

+ Derivatives followed: ''annoso'' “aged” in Leon Battista Alberti (1437–1438) and ''annata'', at first a year's salary or rent, in Machiavelli (1522–1525).^(DELI 1999) The expressions ''anni venti'', ''anni trenta'' for decades were discussed by Migliorini, who traced them to Russian through Vogüé's ''Le roman russe'' (1886) and the Slavist Ettore Lo Gatto (1925), while Klajn put their spread after about 1960 down to English ''the Twenties''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 960 – The Placito di Capua has ''anni'' “years”.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)

+ * 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses ''anno''.^(LEI)

+ * 13th century – ''Anni Domini'' is used in administrative and church documents.^(LEI)

+ * 1437–1438 – ''Annoso'' is recorded in Leon Battista Alberti.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1522–1525 – ''Annata'' is recorded in Machiavelli.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1925 – Ettore Lo Gatto spreads the use of ''anni'' with a decade.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(astronomy)'' [[m|en|year]], the time the Earth takes to go once round the Sun, about 365 days.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A period of twelve months from any given day: ''abito qui da due anni''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # The calendar year, from 1 January to 31 December: ''l'anno prossimo andiamo in Sicilia''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # A year of a particular activity, such as a school or academic year: ''è al secondo anno di medicina''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(plural)'' Years of age: ''mio fratello ha dodici anni''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(plural)'' A period of history, especially a [[m|en|decade]]: ''la musica degli anni Settanta''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(DELI 1999)

+ # ''(hyperbolic)'' A very long time: ''sono anni che non ci vediamo''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[annata]]

+ * [[annoso]]

+ * [[annetto]]

+ * [[capodanno]]

+ * [[malanno]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[annuale]]

+ * [[annuo]]

+ * [[anniversario]]

+ * [[annali]]

+ * [[la|annus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common expressions are ''buon anno!'' (happy New Year), ''anno bisestile'' (leap year), ''anno luce'' (light year), ''anni di piombo'' (the years of terrorism, about 1969–1980) and ''anno santo'' (Holy Year, a Jubilee).^(Treccani 2011)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}