ratio Latin · revision 3750

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *Hreh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈra.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈrat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ratiō''' ''f'' (genitive ratiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[ratus]], the participle of [[reor]] “to reckon, think”, either directly or through an earlier *ratis “reckoning”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The verb is [[inh|itc-pro|*rē-(je/o-)]], [[inh|ine-pro|*Hreh₁-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ Cognate with [[got|𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐍉|tr=raþjō|t=number, account]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) whose parasite counts the soldier's victims: “you keep the reckoning right”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense was reckoning or calculation, and financial accounts, as Plautus' “the account was settled with the banker”.^(OLD 2012) From this came proportion, and the process of reasoning, as in Plautus' plans, and then a reason or explanation.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant the exercise of reason, as Terence's “to go mad by reason”, consideration or regard, business or concern, a plan or method, a principle or system, as Cicero's principle that holds human society together, a law of nature, and a manner or kind.^(OLD 2012) English ''reason'' came from it through Old French about 1200, and ''ration'' was borrowed in 1550.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of calculation and of plans.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of reason.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a guiding principle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''reason'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Reckoning, [[m|en|calculation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An account (financial).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A proportion, ''pro ratione'': proportionately.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Reasoning.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|reason]], explanation, ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A description, account.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Reason]], rationality.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Regard, consideration.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A business, concern.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A plan, scheme.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A principle, system; a theory.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A law (of nature).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A structure, method, means.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A kind, quality.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ratiōcinium]]

+ * [[ratiōcinor]]

+ * [[ratiōnābilis]]

+ * [[ratiōnālis]]

+ * [[ratiuncula]]

+ * [[ratiōnārium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prōportiō]]

+ * [[reor]]

+ * [[en|reason]]

+ * [[en|ration]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''rationem habere'', regard shown in actions, from ''respectum habere'', regard in thought.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}