dopo Italian · revision 37499

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1282, Restoro d'Arezzo|origins=la dē, la post}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈdo.po/, /ˈdɔ.po/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dopo''' (invariable)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ Old forms are ''dopòi'' and ''doppo'';^(GDLI)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) ''doppo'' is still heard regionally.^(GDLI)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|dē post|t=from after]], from [[la|dē|t=from]] and [[m|la|post|t=after, behind]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The older Italian forms were ⟨dopoi⟩ and ⟨dipoi⟩;^(Wiktionary)^(Nocentini 2010) the ⟨-e-⟩ became ⟨-o-⟩ before the labial consonant, a change not rare in Italian.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Devoto also sees the influence of [[dove]].^(Devoto 1968|153) GDLI explains the stress on the first syllable from the unstressed use of ⟨dopò⟩ before a noun, a Tuscan and southern development that spread through literature.^(GDLI)

+

+ Similar compounds are [[osp|depués]], whence [[es|después]], [[pt|depos|t=behind]] and [[ro|după]].^(Nocentini 2010) The Latin preposition continues [[itc-pro|*posti]], from [[ine-pro|*pos(ti)|t=after]];^(de Vaan 2008) the same word is [[osc|púst]] and [[xum|post]], and further afield [[lt|pas|t=at]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in Restoro d'Arezzo's ''Composizione del mondo'' (1282), where ''dopo'' marks succession in space;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) the preposition of time is in Bono Giamboni before 1292, and GDLI quotes his rule that a knight is to be taught “doppo molte prove d'arme” (after many trials of arms).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The adverb “later, afterwards” is in Dante before 1321, and the conjunction introducing a clause of time in Dante's ''Convivio'' (1304–1308).^(DELI 1999) In ''Inferno'' 23 it still means “behind”: “n'andavam l'un dinanzi e l'altro dopo” (we went one in front and the other behind), a sense now literary.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ In the 19th and 20th centuries ''dopo'' formed many compounds: ''dopodomani'' (1766 as ''dopo dimani''), ''dopotutto'' (1874, after French ''après tout''), ''doposcuola'' (1914), ''dopoguerra'' (1916, after French ''après-guerre''), ''dopolavoro'' (1925), ''doposcì'' (1963) and ''dopobarba'' (1965–1966, from English ''after-shave'', probably through French).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1282 – Restoro d'Arezzo uses ''dopo'' of position in space.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses it as a preposition of time.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1304–1308 – Dante uses it as a conjunction.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses it as an adverb, “afterwards”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1766 – ''Dopo dimani'' “the day after tomorrow” is recorded in Cesare Beccaria.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1916 – ''Dopoguerra'' appears in an article by Romolo Murri.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1965–1966 – ''Dopobarba'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|afterwards]], later, then: ''prima mangiamo, dopo usciamo''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Further on, beyond: ''la farmacia è subito dopo''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(literary)'' Behind.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # [[m|en|after]], in time; with ''di'' before a personal pronoun: ''ci vediamo dopo la lezione'', ''è arrivata dopo di me''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # After, beyond, in space or in a series: ''gira a sinistra dopo il ponte''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # After, with an infinitive or past participle: ''dopo aver cenato, siamo andati a letto''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(invariable)'' Following, next: ''la volta dopo''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(invariable)'' What comes afterwards, the future; the period after a person or event: ''preoccuparsi del dopo''.^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dopoché]]

+ * [[dopodomani]]

+ * [[dopoguerra]]

+ * [[dopolavoro]]

+ * [[dopopranzo]]

+ * [[doposcuola]]

+ * [[dopotutto]]

+ * [[dopobarba]]

+ * [[doposcì]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[poi]]

+ * [[dipoi]]

+ * [[la|post]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''A dopo!'' means “see you later”, and ''uno dopo l'altro'' “one after another”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020) Treccani gives the word a closed /o/;^(Treccani 2011) Wiktionary also records an open /ɔ/.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}