chiedere Italian · revision 37498

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1243, Guido Faba|origins=la quaerō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈkjɛ.de.re/, /ˈkje.de.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chiedere''' or chiédere (first-person singular present chièdo or chiédo, first-person singular past historic chièsi or chiési, past participle chièsto or chiésto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also has ''chierere'', in Guittone, Dante and Petrarch.^(Prati 1951|276)

+ DEI records ''chérere'' and Guittone's ''chiedire''.^(DEI|897)

+ Old present forms are ''chieggo'' and ''chieggio''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|quaerō|t=to seek; to ask]], with dissimilation of the first /r/ to /d/ before the second.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) DELI compares [[armadio]] and [[rado]], where the second /r/ changed instead; the old form ⟨chierere⟩ keeps the Latin consonant.^(DELI 1999)^(Prati 1951|276) The word is panromance: [[fro|querre]] and [[fr|quérir]], [[oc|querre]], [[es|querer]] and [[pt|querer]] (“to want, to love”), [[sc|chèrrere|t=to want]] and [[ro|cere]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) Guittone's ⟨chiedire⟩ shows the same change of conjugation as the French verb.^(DEI|897)

+

+ The origin of the Latin verb is uncertain: DEI calls it unknown, and Nocentini does not specify it.^(DEI|897)^(Nocentini 2010) De Vaan prefers the proposal that it is built on [[ine-pro|*kʷeh₂-|t=to acquire]], comparing [[grc|πέπαμαι|tr=pépamai|t=to have acquired]], while the LIV derives it from [[m|ine-pro|*h₂eys-|t=to seek, ask]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in Guido Faba's ''Parlamenta'', about 1243, in Bolognese.^(TLIO) DELI's first record is the testament of Beatrice da Capraia, 1278, in the sense “to make a claim, to express a wish in order to have it satisfied”;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) GRADIT also gives 1278.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) “To ask a question” is in Dante, 1300–1313.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian the verb kept senses close to Latin: “to search for, to look for” and “to desire”, beside “to beg” (''chiedere elemosina'') and “to ask for in marriage” (''chiedere per moglie'').^(TLIO) With an abstract or inanimate subject it meant “to require”.^(TLIO) The nouns ''chiesta'' (request), before 1292 in Bono Giamboni, and the participle ''chiesto'', before 1294 in Guittone, are early derivatives.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ In modern Italian ''chiedere'' is the everyday verb both for asking for something and for asking a question, and ''chiedere di qualcuno'' means to ask after someone or to ask to speak to them.^(GRADIT 2003) Set phrases include ''chiedere la mano'' (to ask for a woman's hand) and ''chiedere conto'' (to call to account).^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * About 1243 – Guido Faba uses the verb in Bolognese.^(TLIO)

+ * 1278 – The testament of Beatrice da Capraia.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1292 – ''Chiesta'', “request”, in Bono Giamboni.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses it for “to ask a question”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|ask]] for, to [[m|en|request]]: ''ha chiesto un aumento al direttore''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To ask, to put a question: ''chiedi all’autista dove dobbiamo scendere''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(absolute)'' To beg.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # To expect, to demand: ''dalla vita non chiede molto''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # Of things, to require: ''un mestiere che chiede mani ferme''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(TLIO)

+ # To ask as a price: ''quanto chiede per la bicicletta?''^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' ''chiedere di'', to ask after someone, or to ask to speak to them: ''al telefono qualcuno ha chiesto del titolare''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''chiedersi'', to [[m|en|wonder]]: ''mi chiedo dove sia finito''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[chiesta]]

+ * [[chiesto]]

+ * [[richiedere]]

+ * [[richiesta]]

+ * [[chiedibile]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|quaero]]

+ * [[fr|quérir]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}