rosa Latin · revision 3749

15 Oct 2026, 20:10 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=Cicero|origins=grc ῥόδον}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈrɔ.sa], [ˈrɔ.saː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈrɔː.s̬a], [ˈrɔː.s̬a]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''rosa''' ''f'' (genitive rosae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is probably borrowed from a form of [[grc|ῥόδον|tr=rhódon|t=rose]], but the details are unclear; it may have come through another Italic language such as Oscan, or from a dialect form.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Köbler notes that the Greek word is itself a loan from Iranian.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ It is found in Cicero (81–43 BC), who says of Verres that he thought spring began when he saw a rose,^(OLD 2012) and in Lucretius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was the rose, the flower, often in a collective singular, as Cicero's cushion stuffed with roses and his ''in rosa'', “lying among roses”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was also the rose bush, as in Varro, oil of roses in medicine, as in Celsus, and the festival of roses, ''Rosalia''.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ The rose was sacred to Venus, and the word was used as an endearment, “my rose”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In Medieval Latin it also named a kind of comet.^(Köbler 2010) Old English ''rose'' was borrowed from it, and it survives as Italian and Spanish ''rosa''.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius mentions roses in spring.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of roses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the rose bush.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of oil of roses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * Old English – ''rose'' is borrowed from it.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|rose]] (flower).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # A rose bush.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Oil of roses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ # The festival of roses (''Rosalia'').^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(endearment)'' Darling.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[rosāceus]]
+ * [[Rosālis]]
+ * [[rosāns]]
+ * [[rosārius]]
+ * [[rosātus]]
+ * [[rosētum]]
+ * [[roseus]]
+ * [[rosulentus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[rosārium]]
+ * [[en|rose]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}