venire Italian · revision 37472

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=11th–12th century|origins=ine-pro *gʷem-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /veˈni.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''venire''' (first-person singular present vèngo, first-person singular past historic vénni or vènni, past participle venùto, first-person singular future verrò, auxiliary èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old and poetic forms include ''vegno'' “I come”, ''vène'' “he comes”, the subjunctive ''vegna'' and the participle ''vegnente''.^(Treccani 2011)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The future is ''verrò'' and the past historic ''venni''.^(Wiktionary)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|veniō|t=to come; to arrive; to happen]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The verb is panromance: [[fr|venir]], [[oc|venir]], [[ca|vindre]], [[es|venir]], [[pt|vir]], [[sc|bènnere]], [[rm|gnir]], [[ro|veni]] and [[dlm|vener]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ Latin ⟨veniō⟩ continues [[itc-pro|*gʷenjō]] and goes back to [[ine-pro|*gʷem-|t=to step, come]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The root is widespread: [[grc|βαίνω|tr=baínō|t=I go]], [[sa|गच्छति|tr=gácchati|t=goes]], [[got|𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽|tr=qiman|t=to come]] and [[de|kommen]] continue it, and [[lt|gimti|alt=gìmti|t=to be born]] has the sense “come into the world”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Devoto 1968|466) De Vaan explains the ⟨n⟩ of Latin as the regular outcome of a zero-grade [[m|ine-pro|*gʷm̥yéti|alt=*gʷm̥-je/o-]], which then spread to the rest of the verb.^(de Vaan 2008) Devoto notes that the root first meant a single movement, without any sense of approaching or leaving, so that the contrast between “go” and “come” is not original.^(Devoto 1968|466)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Nocentini and Devoto–Oli date the verb to the 11th or 12th century, Sabatini–Coletti to the 11th.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) GRADIT's first record, from 1219, has the sense “arrive”.^(GRADIT 2003) DELI's first dated sense, “go to where the person spoken to is”, comes from Dante (1300–1313), who comments on his own words: ''Dico che lo vidi venire'', “I say that I saw him come”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 13th century the verb already meant “derive, have its origin”, in Brunetto Latini (before 1294); Dante applied it to words, arguing that ''nobile'' does not come from ''cognoscere'' but from ''non vile''.^(DELI 1999) Other senses followed: “be born” in Dante, “take root” of plants around 1350, “happen, occur” in the 14th century, “turn out, succeed” in Cellini and “cost” in Sassetti (1577).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Italian, like Romansh and in part Spanish and Portuguese, uses ''venire'' with a past participle to form the passive (''la porta viene chiusa'').^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(DEI|4011) DELI dates this use to before 1484 (Pulci) and points to traces of it already in Late Latin;^(DELI 1999) DEI sees its starting point in Latin phrases such as ''venire in odium'' “come to be hated”.^(DEI|4011) With a gerund the verb describes an action in progress, from Boccaccio (1348–1353).^(DELI 1999) The phrase ''venire di'' with an infinitive, for the recent past, was common in the 18th and 19th centuries and attacked by purists as a copy of French ''venir de''.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|4011) The expression ''mi vien da ridere'' “I feel like laughing” may go back to a Greek turn of phrase.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The infinitive is also a noun, ''il venire'', mainly in ''andare e venire'' “coming and going” (1891).^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) A vulgar slang sense, “have an orgasm”, is recorded in 1931 by Panzini.^(DEI|4011)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 11th–12th century – The first records of ''venire''.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ * 1219 – ''Venire'' in the sense “arrive”.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1294 – The sense “derive, originate” in Brunetto Latini.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1300–1313 – ''Venuta'' “arrival” and the verb in Dante.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1348–1353 – Boccaccio uses ''venire'' with a gerund.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1484 – Pulci uses ''venire'' with a past participle as a passive.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1577 – The sense “cost”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1891 – The noun ''il venire'' in Petrocchi's dictionary.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1931 – The slang sense “have an orgasm” in Panzini.^(DEI|4011)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|come]], move towards the place where the speaker or the person addressed is: ''Vieni con noi al mare?''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To [[m|en|arrive]]; of time or events, to come round: ''Il mese che viene parto per Napoli.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To come from, [[m|en|originate]] (with ''da''): ''Questa parola viene dal greco.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999)

+ # To happen, occur; of illnesses or feelings, to come on: ''Mi è venuto il raffreddore.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be born; of plants, to grow, come up.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DELI 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To turn out, come out, succeed: ''La torta non è venuta bene.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' To [[m|en|cost]]: ''Le pesche vengono tre euro al chilo.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With a past participle, an auxiliary of the [[m|en|passive voice]]: ''La lettera viene spedita domani.''^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(vulgar)'' To have an [[m|en|orgasm]].^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # Coming, movement towards a place, mainly in ''andare e venire'', coming and going.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[venuta]]

+ * [[venuto]]

+ * [[benvenuto]]

+ * [[svenire]]

+ * [[svenimento]]

+ * [[svenevole]]

+ * [[rinvenire]]

+ * [[sopravvenire]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[avvenire]]

+ * [[contravvenire]]

+ * [[convenire]]

+ * [[provenire]]

+ * [[divenire]]

+ * [[la|veniō]]

+ * [[fr|venir]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Many set phrases use the verb: ''venire a capo'' “get to the bottom of”, ''venire al dunque'' “come to the point”, ''venire alla luce'' “be born, come to light” and ''venire meno'' “fail; faint”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020) The auxiliary is ''essere''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}