wonen Dutch · revision 37433

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=gem-pro *wunāną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʋoːnə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''wonen'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|wonen]], [[inh|odt|wonon|t=to dwell, stay]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*wunēn]], [[inh|gem-pro|*wunāną]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(ONW) The same verb is [[osx|wonōn]], [[goh|wonēn]] (modern [[de|wohnen]]), [[ofs|wunia]] and [[ang|wunian]], all “to stay, dwell”, while [[non|una]] means “to be content” and in Gothic there is [[m|got|𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃|tr=unwunands|t=discontented, troubled]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013) The EWN takes “to be content” as the Germanic meaning;^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013) Kroonen calls the verb a stative formed to the adjective [[gem-pro|*wunaz|alt=*wuna(n)-|t=accustomed]], the base of [[gewoon]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ The verb is probably formed from the root [[ine-pro|*wenH-|t=to desire]] of [[waan]], and the causative [[wennen]] belongs to the same root.^(EWN) Outside Germanic, Van Veen and Van der Sijs compare [[la|venus|t=love, charm]], [[sga|fonn|t=pleasure]] and [[sa|वनोति|tr=vanóti|t=he loves]], and take the basic sense to be “to like being somewhere”.^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|445) De Vries finds this less convincing than Trier's view that “dwelling” meant staying within an enclosed space, a farmyard or a village.^(De Vries 1971)^(WNT) Van Haeringen gives Rooth's suggestion of a development from “to feed oneself” to “to stay”.^(Van Haeringen 1936)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century have Old Dutch ''wonon'' “to dwell, stay”: ''Uuonon sal ic an selethon thinro an uueroldi'' “I shall dwell in your dwelling-place for ever”.^(EWN)^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001) Middle Dutch ''wonen'' appears around 1201–1225 in a text from the Lower Rhine, which says the women who live there have great joy.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the verb meant to live in a place, of a country, a town, a street or a house, and also to remain or stay; the Bernardus glossary of 1240 renders Latin ''habitare'' with it.^(VMNW)^(MNW) A Middelburg keure of 1254 distinguishes the man ''die buten woend'', living outside the town walls, from the burgher.^(VMNW) The infinitive was used as a noun, “dwelling, way of living”, from 1285.^(VMNW)

+

+ Phrases with prepositions map the places people live: ''op een gracht wonen'' (on a canal, in contrast with a street) and ''buiten wonen'' (in the country) are both quoted from 1784.^(WNT) Van Dale records ''groot wonen'' and ''klein wonen'' for living in a large or small home.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ Derivatives followed early: ''woning'' “dwelling” in the Wachtendonck Psalms, ''woonachtig'' “resident” in 1240 and ''woonst'' “residence” in 1283.^(EWN) The verb went into Negerhollands as ''woon'', ''won'' or ''wun'', and Afrikaans has [[m|af|woon]].^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''wonon'' “to dwell” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1201–1225 – Middle Dutch ''wonen'' in a text from the Lower Rhine.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+ * 1240 – The Bernardus glossary gives ''wonen'' for ''habitare'' and ''woninge'' for ''habitatio''.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+ * 1254 – A Middelburg keure speaks of the man ''die buten woend''.^(VMNW)

+ * 1283 – ''Woonste'' “residence” is recorded.^(EWN)

+ * 1784 – ''Op de Keizersgragt'' and ''buiten wonen'' are quoted.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' to [[m|en|live]], [[m|en|dwell]], to have one's home somewhere: ''Mijn zus woont al tien jaar in Gent.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with an adverb)'' to live in a home of a certain kind: ''Ze wonen ruim, met een tuin achter het huis.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[woonachtig]]

+ * [[woon]]

+ * [[woning]]

+ * [[woonst]]

+ * [[woonerf]]

+ * [[woongebouw]]

+ * [[woonhuis]]

+ * [[woonkamer]]

+ * [[woonkeuken]]

+ * [[woonplaats]]

+ * [[woonschip]]

+ * [[bewonen]]

+ * [[inwonen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gewoon]]

+ * [[wennen]]

+ * [[waan]]

+ * [[de|wohnen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In Belgium ''woonst'' is still in fairly common use for “home, dwelling”, while in the Netherlands it is dated; the EWN rejects the idea that it is a weakened ''woonstede''.^(EWN)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}