veilig Dutch · revision 37430

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1313, Middle Dutch|origins=gem-pro *failia-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''veilig''' (comparative veiliger, superlative veiligst)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|veilich]], [[af|nl|veil|-ig]]: the suffix was added to Middle and Early Modern Dutch [[m|dum|veil|t=safe]], which had the same meaning and later fell out of use.^(EWN)^(ANW)^(WNT) The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal compares [[droevig]], another adjective in which the form with ⟨-ig⟩ pushed out the simple one.^(WNT) The derivative is shared by [[gml|vēlich]] and [[ofs|fēlig]] (modern [[fy|feilich]]); the simple adjective has a match only in [[ang|fǣle|t=faithful, dear]], from [[gem-pro|*failia-]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The EWN thinks “safe, sheltered” was the first meaning, from which Old English reached “dear” when it was said of people.^(EWN) Wiktionary reconstructs [[gmw-pro|*failī|t=true, familiar, good]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The adjective meaning “safe” has a separate source from the one meaning “for sale”, although the two were later confused.^(Wiktionary) Its further origin is unsure.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) Most scholars derive it from the root [[ine-pro|*peh₂-|t=to protect, to tend cattle]] of [[voeren]] “to line”, and Franck and Van Wijk compare [[grc|ποιμήν|tr=poimḗn|t=shepherd]], [[lt|piemuo|alt=piemuõ|t=shepherd]] and [[sa|पायु|tr=pāyú|t=protector]], but the EWN points out that the Germanic ⟨l⟩ suffix is unusual.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|401) De Vries finds this etymology unsatisfying and rejects any link with [[la|pius|t=pious]].^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The EWN's first record is from 1313: merchants may ''veilich'' land, travel and return, that is “without danger”.^(EWN) Derivatives followed in Middle Dutch: the verb ''veiligen'' “to give safe conduct” in 1348 and the noun ''veiligheden'' in 1357.^(EWN) The Chronologisch woordenboek gives 1401–1423.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the adjective was said of people who need fear no harm and of places, roads and seas where none threatened;^(MNW) Kiliaan gives ''veyligh land'' and ''veylighe zee''.^(MNW) It was long a northern word: the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal notes that it was not generally known in the south and that an eastern form ''velich'' existed beside it.^(WNT)

+

+ From “protected against danger” came “involving little risk”, the second sense in Van Dale, with phrases such as ''aan de veilige kant blijven'' “to err on the side of caution”.^(Van Dale 2014) ''Zich veilig stellen'' was criticised as a germanism in the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal.^(WNT) In modern Dutch ''veilig vrijen'' is the equivalent of “safe sex”.^(Van Dale 2014) West Frisian has the same word as ''feilich''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1313 – Merchants may land and travel ''veilich''.^(EWN)

+ * 1348 – The verb ''veiligen'' “to protect”.^(EWN)

+ * 1357 – ''Met gantser veyligheden'' “in total safety”.^(EWN)

+ * 1401–1423 – The date in the Chronologisch woordenboek.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1513 – The first quotation in the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal.^(WNT)

+ * 1866 – ''Veilig en wel'' “safe and sound”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|safe]], protected against danger: ''Hier ben je veilig voor de storm.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Involving little [[m|en|risk]]: ''een veilige keuze''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|safely]]: ''Kom veilig thuis!''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[beveiligen]]

+ * [[onveilig]]

+ * [[veiligheid]]

+ * [[brandveilig]]

+ * [[veiligstelling]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[veil]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}