mis Dutch · revision 37425

+ {{homograph|1|Mass}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1236, Middle Dutch (Ghent)|origins=la-ecc missa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /mɪs/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mis''' ''f'' (plural missen, diminutive misje n)^(Wiktionary)

+ The older spelling is ''misse''.^(WNT) Middle Dutch also had ''messe''.^(EWN)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The Mass is [[inh|dum|misse]], [[bor|la-ecc|missa|t=Mass]], a Christian Latin word first found in 385.^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) The Middle Dutch form ⟨messe⟩ is explained by De Vries and Franck–Van Wijk as an early loan, perhaps of about 600–700, from the spoken Romance form, [[la-vul|messa]] (whence [[it|messa]] and [[fr|messe]]), like [[goh|messa]] (modern [[de|Messe]]) and [[ang|mæsse]] (modern [[en|mass]]); ⟨misse⟩ would then be a learned form from church Latin or a respelling after it.^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(WNT)

+

+ The origin of [[m|la-ecc|missa]] is disputed.^(EWN) Most scholars take it as Late Latin “dismissal”, a noun from [[la|mittō|t=to send]], and refer either to the sending away of the catechumens before the second part of the service or to the closing formula ⟨ite, missa est⟩, “go, it is the dismissal”.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(WNT) Christine Mohrmann took it instead as a derivative of the same verb in the sense “to offer, serve”.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word is first recorded in 1236, in a Ghent charter that mentions the service of the Mass.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001) A text of 1248–1271 already speaks of singing a requiem Mass, ''misse singen van requiem''.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the Mass of a saint's day the word came to mean the feast day itself, as in Old High German, Old Saxon, Old Frisian and Old English; in Germany it later also meant an annual fair, a sense that Middle Dutch hardly knew.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries 1971) This use survives in compounds such as ''Kerstmis'' “Christmas” and ''kermis'' “fair”.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal records the many kinds of Mass named after Latin: ''gezongen mis'', ''stille mis'', ''vroegmis'', ''mis van requiem''; a text of 1503 already distinguishes the read Mass from the sung one.^(WNT) Among non-Catholics ''het secreet van de mis'' “the secret of the Mass” became a joking phrase for the heart of a matter (1645).^(WNT) In the Dutch East Indies the word passed into Indonesian as ''Misa'' and into Moluccan and Chinese Malay.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1236 – Middle Dutch ''messe'' “Mass” is first recorded, in Ghent.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1248–1271 – ''Misse singen van requiem'' “to sing a requiem Mass” is recorded.^(EWN)

+ * 1503 – A document distinguishes the read Mass, ''lesende misse'', from the sung one.^(WNT)

+ * 1645 – ''Het secreet van de misse'' is used mockingly for the crux of a matter.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Catholicism)'' [[m|en|mass|alt=Mass]], the [[m|en|eucharistic]] service of the Catholic Church: ''Op zondag gaan ze naar de mis.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # A musical setting of the texts of the Mass.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hoogmis]]

+ * [[vroegmis]]

+ * [[nachtmis]]

+ * [[kerstmis]]

+ * [[kermis]]

+ * [[misboek]]

+ * [[misdienaar]]

+ * [[misgewaad]]

+ * [[misviering]]

+ * [[miswijn]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|wrong, off target}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=1460–1480, Middle Dutch|origins=gmw-pro *missu}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /mɪs/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mis''' (used only predicatively, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The adjective is [[inh|dum|mis]], found rarely and late, also as ⟨mes⟩ “wrong; odd (of numbers)”.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) Wiktionary gives the chain as [[inh|odt|*missa]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*missu|t=lack, failure, mistake]].^(Wiktionary) The EWN takes it as the same word as the prefix [[mis-]] “wrong”, with its sense “not hitting” widened later under the influence of the verb [[missen]].^(EWN) The adjective has parallels in [[gml|mis|t=wrong]] and [[goh|missi|t=different]], and [[non|ýmiss|t=various]] has it with an unclear prefix.^(De Vries 1971)^(EWN) Franck–Van Wijk say all these forms belong with the prefix, but that how and when they arose is uncertain.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ The prefix first meant “different, divergent”, as in [[got|𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃|tr=missaleiks|t=different]] beside [[m|got|𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉|tr=missō|t=mutually]];^(De Vries 1971) De Vries compares [[la|mūtuus|t=mutual]].^(De Vries 1971) Wiktionary reconstructs [[gem-pro|*missaz|t=wrong, divergent]] and derives it from [[ine-pro|*meyth₂-|t=to change, exchange]].^(Wiktionary) A noun [[m|dum|misse|t=error, mishap]] is found beside the adjective, and the phrase ⟨te misse⟩ with verbs of shooting has been proposed as the source of the stressed ⟨mis⟩ in verbs like [[misschieten]], though Franck–Van Wijk call this uncertain.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The adjective appears in the second half of the 15th century: in a text of 1460–1480 a woman takes aim ''niet alte mess'', “not too wide of the mark”.^(EWN) The Teuthonista of 1477 has ''myss'' “odd”, of numbers.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “not hitting” is recorded in 1617, ''het schot was mis'' “the shot missed”, and “incorrect” in 1663.^(EWN) In 1733 ''ik heb het mis'' “I am wrong” appears, and in 1784 '''t is weer mis met hem'', “something is wrong with him again”.^(EWN) Today it is used only as a predicate: ''daar is niks mis mee'' means there is nothing wrong with it, and ''dat is niet mis!'' expresses respect for something big or impressive.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) German dialects borrowed it as ''mis'' “missed, failed”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1460–1480 – Middle Dutch ''mess'' “wide of the mark” is recorded.^(EWN)

+ * 1477 – The Teuthonista has ''myss'' “odd (of numbers)”.^(EWN)

+ * 1617 – ''Het schot was mis'' “the shot missed”.^(EWN)

+ * 1663 – ''Mis'' “incorrect” is first recorded.^(EWN)

+ * 1733 – ''Het mis hebben'' “to be wrong” is recorded.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(predicative)'' [[m|en|missed]], off target, not a hit: ''Zijn tweede worp was ook mis.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(predicative)'' [[m|en|wrong]], [[m|en|amiss]]: ''Je hebt het helemaal mis.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mis-]]

+ * [[missen]]

+ * [[missie]]

+ * [[en|mass]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Mis poes!'' is a cry when someone misses.^(Van Dale 2014) The proverb ''niet geschoten is altijd mis'' (“not shot is always missed”) urges trying anyway.^(Wiktionary) De Vries also gives the prefix [[mis-]] a number of its own, while the EWN and Van Dale keep only the noun and the adjective.^(De Vries 1971)^(EWN)^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}