avond Dutch · revision 37416

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=gem-pro *ēbanþs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈaː.vɔnt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''avond''' ''m'' (plural avonden, diminutive avondje n)^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''avend'' and the form ''navond'' (from ''een avond'') were also in use.^(WNT)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|âvont]], [[inh|odt|āvont]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*ābanþ]], [[inh|gem-pro|*ēbanþs|t=evening]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(ONW) The same word is [[osx|āband]], [[goh|āband]] (modern [[de|Abend]]), [[ofs|āvend]] (modern [[fy|jûn]]) and [[ang|ǣfen]] (modern [[en|eve]]), and with a short vowel and a dental after the ⟨f⟩ [[non|aptann]] “the time between three and nine o'clock” (modern [[sv|afton]]).^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(De Vries 1971) Gothic has no such word and renders the concept as [[m|got|𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹|tr=andanahti]], literally “fore-night”.^(EWN)

+

+ The EWN finds that no single Proto-Germanic stem can be reconstructed: Old High German points to ⟨*ābanþ-⟩, the Dutch, Saxon and Frisian forms to ⟨*āband-⟩, and the Norse forms to ⟨*aftan-⟩.^(EWN) Kroonen, following Hamp, sets up a mobile stem [[ine-pro|*h₁eh₁pt-ont-]], with the loss of ⟨t⟩ between stops as in [[m|gem-pro|*sebun|t=seven]].^(Kroonen 2013)^(EWN) The first part may be the particle seen in [[la|ob|t=towards]], [[grc|ἐπί|tr=epí|t=on, at]] and [[m|grc|ὀψέ|tr=opsé|t=late]], giving “the later part of the day”, but this is uncertain, and a recent theory takes the word as non-Indo-European.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) De Vries and De Tollenaere follow Johannisson, who saw a compound of a word for “after” and one for “labour”, “the time after the day's work”.^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|55)^(De Vries 1971) The old idea that it means “the declining part of the day”, from [[m|nl|af]], is rejected because the Germanic peoples counted the evening as the start of the next day.^(WNT)^(Pluim 1911)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word is first recorded in the Wachtendonck Psalms (10th century): ''an auont in an morgan in an mitdondage'', “at evening and at morning and at noon”, and ''bekerda sulun uuerthun te auandi'', “they shall return at evening”.^(ONW)^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the word meant the part of the day from shortly before sunset until night, and also the eve of a church feast.^(VMNW)^(EWN) This second sense reflects the old reckoning by which the day began with the preceding evening; it survives in ''Kerstavond'' “Christmas Eve”, ''oudejaarsavond'' “New Year's Eve” and ''Sinterklaasavond'', as in German ''Sonnabend'' “Saturday” and English ''Halloween''.^(EWN)^(WNT) The genitive ''des avonts'', modern ''’s avonds'' “in the evening”, was already common in the 13th century.^(VMNW)

+

+ A text of 1637 has ''als het nu avont geworden was'', and ''de avond viel'' “evening fell” is recorded in 1807.^(WNT) The figurative ''de avond van het leven'', old age, and the sense “an evening gathering or party” are given by the modern dictionaries.^(ANW)^(Van Dale 2014) The saying ''hoe later op de avond, hoe schoner volk'', a welcome for late guests, dates from the 17th century and is shared with German.^(Stoett 1923) Dutch passed the word to Negerhollands (''avond'', ''navont'') and Berbice Dutch (''tafn''), and Afrikaans has the contracted [[m|af|aand]].^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''auont'' appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1220–1240 – Middle Dutch ''auunt'' is recorded in Aiol.^(EWN)

+ * c. 1240 – The Bernardus glossary has ''auont'' and ''auent'' for Latin ''vespera''.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1260 – ''Dis auons'' “in the evening” is recorded in East Flanders.^(VMNW)

+ * 1291 – ''Vigilien sauonds'', vigils on the eve of an anniversary, appears in Ghent.^(VMNW)

+ * 1637 – ''Als het nu avont geworden was'' “when evening had come”.^(WNT)

+ * 1807 – ''De avond (was) gevallen'' “evening had fallen”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|evening]], the part of the day between late afternoon and night, roughly from six o'clock until bedtime: ''We eten om zeven uur 's avonds.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The free time after the day's work, spent in a particular way: ''een rustig avondje thuis''.^(ANW)

+ # An evening gathering, performance or [[m|en|party]]: ''een bonte avond''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)

+ # ''(figurative)'' ''de avond van het leven'', old age.^(ANW)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vanavond]]

+ * [[gisteravond]]

+ * [[morgenavond]]

+ * [[avondeten]]

+ * [[avondmaal]]

+ * [[avondrood]]

+ * [[kerstavond]]

+ * [[oudejaarsavond]]

+ * [[sinterklaasavond]]

+ * [[vastenavond]]

+ * [[avondlijk]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[de|Abend]]

+ * [[en|eve]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Men moet de dag niet prijzen voor het avond is'', don't praise the day before evening, means that a work can be judged only when it is finished.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}