hoi Dutch · revision 37398

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=onomatopoeia|attested=1552}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɦɔi̯/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hoi'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) The EWN suggests that it may be a variant of exclamations such as [[ho]] and [[hé]], or else a shortening of [[ahoi]], although the longer word may equally be an extension of hoi.^(EWN)^(WikiWoordenboek) Van Veen and Van der Sijs regard it, like [[m|en|ahoy]], as a spontaneous formation.^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) Wiktionary also considers a borrowing of the English interjection or of [[enm|hoy]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest record, from 1552, is a cry of triumph in a proverb: ''Sy ruepen al hoy eer sy over die graft sijn ghesprongen'', “they shout hoy before they have jumped over the ditch”, said of people who rejoice before they have achieved what they want.^(WNT)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ For centuries ''hoi'' was mainly a shout of joy or exuberance.^(EWN)^(WNT) In the 20th century it appears in rhythmic cries: ''hoj hup'' in 1937 and ''hiep hoi'' in 1947, called out by men pushing a heavy post, a use the dictionary connects with work that needs force.^(WNT)^(EWN)

+

+ As a greeting it is only 20th-century: the first record is from 1956, ''Hoy natuurmensen, het Paaskamp is helaas weer achter de rug'', “Hi, nature people, the Easter camp is over again, unfortunately”.^(EWN)^(WNT)^(Van der Sijs 2001) Van Veen and Van der Sijs date the word to after 1950.^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) It is now an informal greeting of the Netherlands, also used when taking leave, while the shout of joy has become dated.^(Wiktionary)^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1552 – ''Hoy'' is a cry of triumph in a proverb.^(WNT)^(EWN)

+ * 1937 – ''Hoj hup'' is used as a loud call.^(WNT)

+ * 1947 – ''Hiep hoi'' accompanies heavy work.^(WNT)^(EWN)

+ * 1956 – ''Hoi'' is first recorded as a greeting.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Interjection===

+ # ''(Netherlands, informal)'' [[m|en|hi]], [[m|en|hello]]: an informal greeting.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(Netherlands, informal)'' [[m|en|bye]]: said when someone leaves.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(dated)'' a cry of [[m|en|joy]] or exuberance.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hoihoi]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ahoi]]

+ * [[ho]]

+ * [[hallo]]

+ * [[en|ahoy]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The proverb ''al hoi roepen eer men over de gracht is'', to cheer before one has jumped the ditch, means to celebrate a success too early, much like selling the bearskin before the bear is shot.^(WNT)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}