ie Dutch · revision 37383

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|origins=gem-pro *hiz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /i/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ie''' (unstressed, enclitic; also written ’ie)^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|i|alt=-i]], the enclitic form of the pronoun [[m|dum|hi|t=he]], which became [[hij]] when stressed.^(MNW)^(EWN)^(WikiWoordenboek) The Middle Dutch dictionary gives examples such as ⟨haddi⟩ “had he”, ⟨dedi⟩ “did he” and ⟨soudi⟩ “would he”, and notes that the spoken language still had ⟨zeiti⟩ and ⟨willi⟩.^(MNW) In the stressed pronoun the long /iː/ was diphthongised to the sound now written ⟨ij⟩, while the unstressed clitic kept the old vowel, as several dialects keep ⟨hi⟩ itself.^(WNT)^(WikiWoordenboek)^(EWN) Wiktionary therefore calls the clitic a doublet of the full pronoun.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The EWN notes that the stressed pronoun, unlike [[mij]] beside [[me]] or [[jij]] beside [[je]], has no unstressed form *⟨he⟩ in the standard language, only the clitic form.^(EWN) A weakened ⟨hĕ⟩ is found in southern dialects.^(WNT) The pronoun itself is [[inh|odt|hē]], [[m|odt|hie]], [[inh|gem-pro|*hiz]] in Wiktionary's account.^(Wiktionary) The EWN explains the initial /h/ as taken from a demonstrative particle added to an older pronoun [[gem-pro|*iz|alt=*ez, *iz]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Enclitic ''-i'' was common in Middle Dutch, written together with the verb it followed.^(MNW) In modern Dutch ''ie'' is informal and enclitic, leaning on the word before it.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek) Van Dale records the exclamation ''daar gaat ie!'', said when one starts on something new.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # ''(informal)'' [[m|en|he]]: the unstressed form of [[hij]], used after a verb or a conjunction: ''Weet jij of ie morgen komt?''^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(Holland, colloquial)'' [[m|en|you]], an unstressed form of [[je]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hij]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ An older adverb ''ie'' “ever, always” was spelled the same way.^(WNT)^(ONW) It goes back to [[odt|io]], glossing Latin ''semper'' in the 10th century, and is the source of the ''ie-'' in [[iemand]], [[ieder]] and [[immer]].^(ONW)^(MNW)^(Wiktionary) The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal says it was already going out of use in the 16th century, when [[ooit]] replaced it.^(WNT)^(ONW) ''Ie'' is also listed as an alternative form of the dialect pronoun ''iej'' “you”, taken from Low German.^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}