vol Dutch · revision 37382

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=ine-pro *pl̥h₁nós}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /vɔl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vol''' (comparative voller, superlative volst)^(Wiktionary)

+ Older and regional Dutch also has ''vul''.^(WNT)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|vol]], [[inh|odt|fol]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*full]], [[inh|gem-pro|*fullaz|t=full]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[osx|ful]], [[goh|fol]] (modern [[de|voll]]), [[ofs|ful]], [[ang|full]] (modern [[en|full]]), [[non|fullr]] and [[got|𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍃|tr=fulls]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ The Germanic stem [[m|gem-pro|*fulla-]] arose by assimilation from older [[m|gem-pro|*fulna-]], from [[ine-pro|*pl̥h₁nós|alt=*plh₁-nó-]], originally a participle “filled” of the root [[ine-pro|*pleh₁-|t=to fill, become full]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Orel 2003)^(Wiktionary) Related are [[la|plēnus]], [[sa|पूर्ण|tr=pūrṇá]], [[ae|pərəna]], [[lt|pìlnas]] and [[sga|lán]], all “full”.^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Orel 2003) With other suffixes the same root gave Latin [[m|la|compleō|alt=-pleō|t=to fill]] and [[grc|πλήρης|tr=plḗrēs|t=full]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) The EWN also connects [[veel]] and [[volk]], and the verb [[vullen]] is derived from the adjective.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century ''daga folla'' “full days” renders the Latin of the Psalter; the editors of the Old Dutch dictionary think it may mean happy days or a long life.^(ONW)^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001) Willeram's paraphrase of about 1100 has ''min hoiuet is fol douwes'', “my head is full of dew”, with the genitive of what fills.^(ONW)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A Limburg glossary of 1240 gives ''vol'' for Latin ''plenus'' and in compounds such as ''vol crudes'' “full of herbs”, and by 1265–1270 the adjective also meant “complete”, as in ''vollen danc'' “all thanks”.^(VMNW)^(EWN) In Middle Dutch it combined freely with verbs in the sense “to the end, thoroughly”: ''volhoren'' “to hear out”, ''volleven'' “to live to the end” and ''volspreken'' “to say in full” are all of the 13th century.^(EWN) A few survive, such as [[volbrengen]] and [[voldoen]], and some only as participles with meanings of their own: [[volkomen]], [[volwassen]], [[volstrekt]].^(EWN)

+

+ Middle Dutch put the contents in the genitive or after ''van''.^(MNW) Phrases such as ''een hand vol (van)'' became the compound [[handvol]].^(WNT) ''Iemand de volle laag geven'', to let fly at someone with reproaches, comes from firing a whole row of a warship's guns at once.^(Stoett 1923) A ''volle neef'' was first the son of one's brother or sister and is now usually a first cousin.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ Dutch ''vol'' was borrowed into Indonesian, Javanese and Jakarta Malay as ''pol'' “full; at full volume; fully paid”, into Manado Malay and Surinamese Javanese as ''fol'', and into Negerhollands and Berbice Dutch (''folo'').^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary) Afrikaans has [[m|af|vol]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – ''Daga folla'' “full days” appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1100 – Willeram writes ''min hoiuet is fol douwes''.^(ONW)^(EWN)

+ * 1240 – A Limburg glossary translates Latin ''plenus'' as ''uol''.^(VMNW)

+ * 1265–1270 – ''Vol'' is used for “complete”, in ''vollen danc''.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1526 – A text speaks of a ''hant vol asscen'' “handful of ashes”.^(WNT)

+ * 1653 – ''Tot den boorde vol'' “full to the brim” is recorded.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|full]], filled so that nothing more fits: ''De trein zat helemaal vol.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Full, rounded, plump: ''een vol gezicht''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Covered all over: ''Zijn jas zat vol modder.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # [[m|en|complete]], whole, lacking nothing: ''een vol jaar''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Being wholly what the noun names, at its height: ''in de volle zomer''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Of dairy products: [[m|en|whole]], with the fat kept in: ''volle melk''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[volhouden]]

+ * [[volledig]]

+ * [[volslank]]

+ * [[volstaan]]

+ * [[volwassen]]

+ * [[volte]]

+ * [[volbloed]]

+ * [[volharden]]

+ * [[volkomen]]

+ * [[volmacht]]

+ * [[volmondig]]

+ * [[volop]]

+ * [[vullen]]

+ * [[volbrengen]]

+ * [[voldoen]]

+ * [[voltooien]]

+ * [[voltrekken]]

+ * [[volstrekt]]

+ * [[handvol]]

+ * [[volheid]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[volzet]]

+ * [[veel]]

+ * [[volk]]

+ * [[plenair]]

+ * [[en|full]]

+ * [[de|voll]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Iemand voor vol aanzien'' is to take someone seriously.^(Van Dale 2014) ''De buik vol hebben van iets'' is to be fed up with it.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}