drinken Dutch · revision 37381

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=gem-pro *drinkaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈdrɪŋkə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''drinken'''^(Wiktionary)

+ It is a strong verb (''dronk'', ''gedronken''), as in Middle Dutch (''dranc'', ''dronken'', ''gedronken'').^(MNW)^(Van Donselaar 1989) Limburg Middle Dutch had ''drenken''.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|drinken]], [[inh|odt|drinkan]], [[inh|gem-pro|*drinkaną|t=to drink]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(ONW) The same verb is [[osx|drinkan]], [[goh|trinkan]] (modern [[de|trinken]]), [[ofs|drinka]], [[ang|drincan]] (modern [[en|drink]]), [[non|drekka]] and [[got|𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽|tr=drigkan]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ No origin outside Germanic is accepted.^(EWN)^(Van Haeringen 1936) The EWN finds no sure cognates in other Indo-European languages and thinks a substrate word likely; it calls a link with [[ine-pro|*dʰergʰ-|t=to become moist]] unlikely.^(EWN) De Vries reviews two proposals: one compares [[sa|ध्रजति|tr=dhrájati|t=glides, sweeps]] from a root “to draw”, so that drinking would be “taking a draught”, and another starts from a Greek word for a coping or enclosure and the drinking bout in a circle of men; he finds both improbable and also suggests a substrate.^(De Vries 1971) Franck and Van Wijk gave the first proposal as possible, but Van Haeringen thought it so vague that the origin is better called unknown.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Van Haeringen 1936) De Vries and De Tollenaere call the word isolated within Indo-European.^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|111)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The verb first appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century: ''an mi sungun thia druncun uuin'', “those who drank wine sang about me”.^(ONW)^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001) Willeram's paraphrase of about 1100 has ''ich drank ouch thar minen win mit minero milicho'', “I also drank my wine with my milk”.^(ONW)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the infinitive was also a noun: ''in drinkene ende in etene'' “in drinking and eating” appears at Ghent in 1230–1231, and ''drenken'' meaning “drink” in a Limburg text of about 1200.^(EWN)^(VMNW) A Dordrecht account of 1286 pays for drinks taken together at an inn.^(VMNW) From 1265 the verb was used figuratively, of drinking the wine of love or the cup of God's wrath.^(VMNW) ''Gilde drinken'' was to hold a guild feast (1299).^(MNW)

+

+ Later phrases include drinking blood to seal a pact (1726) and drinking the cup of humiliation to the dregs (1864).^(WNT) ''Drinken als een Tempelier'' “to drink like a Templar”, to drink to excess, is found in Huygens and has parallels in German and French.^(Stoett 1923) The Southern Dutch ''drinken aan iets'' “drink to something” follows French ''boire à''.^(De Vreese 1899) In Surinamese Dutch one also drinks soup or porridge and tablets, and Hindustani speakers use the verb for smoking.^(Van Donselaar 1989)

+

+ French dialects borrowed the verb as ''trinquer'', ''drinquer'' “to drink heavily; to clink glasses”, which passed into Basque, and it went into Negerhollands, Berbice Dutch (''dronggi'' “to drown”), Sranan Tongo ''dringi'' and Aukan ''dingii''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary) Franck and Van Wijk derived French ''trinquer'' and Italian ''trincare'' from German instead.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) Afrikaans has [[m|af|drink]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – ''Druncun uuin'' “drank wine” appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1100 – Willeram writes ''ich drank ouch thar minen win''.^(ONW)

+ * 1230–1231 – ''In drinkene ende in etene'' is recorded at Ghent.^(EWN)

+ * 1240 – The Limburg glossary of Bernardus has ''drenken'' for Latin ''bibere''.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1299 – ''Gilde drinken'' “to hold a guild feast” is recorded.^(MNW)

+ * 1645 – ''Eeten ende drincken'' “food and drink” appears as a noun phrase.^(WNT)

+ * 1726 – Drinking blood together seals an oath.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive, intransitive)'' to [[m|en|drink]], to take a liquid into the mouth and swallow it: ''Zij drinkt elke ochtend twee koppen thee.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' to drink [[alcohol]], especially too much and habitually.^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(transitive)'' to bring into a state by drinking: ''iemand onder tafel drinken'', to drink someone under the table.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(het drinken)'' drink, something to drink: ''Neem genoeg drinken mee.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[drinkbaar]]

+ * [[drinker]]

+ * [[drinkebroer]]

+ * [[drinkgelag]]

+ * [[drinkgeld]]

+ * [[drinkwater]]

+ * [[drinkhoorn]]

+ * [[drinkfles]]

+ * [[drinkfontein]]

+ * [[drinkrietje]]

+ * [[afdrinken]]

+ * [[opdrinken]]

+ * [[verdrinken]]

+ * [[toedrinken]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[drank]]

+ * [[drink]]

+ * [[dronk]]

+ * [[dronken]]

+ * [[drenken]]

+ * [[de|trinken]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Dat is eten en drinken voor hem'' means that it costs him no effort.^(Van Dale 2014) ''Iemands bloed wel kunnen drinken'' is to hate someone intensely.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}