ogen Dutch · revision 37369

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=1254, Middle Dutch (Middelburg)|origins=gmw-pro *augijan}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈoːɣə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ogen'''^(Wiktionary)

+ The verb is weak: ''oogde'', ''geoogd''.^(Reinsma 1984)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|ôghen]], [[inh|odt|ôgen|t=to show, point out]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*augijan]], a verb formed from the word for [[oog|alt=eye]].^(Wiktionary)^(De Vries 1971) In the sense “to show, make known” it matches [[got|𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=augjan]], [[goh|ougan]], [[gmh|ougen]] and [[osx|ôgan]].^(MNW)

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+ The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal doubts that the modern verb is the same word: it sees the verb in the sense “to look at” as a younger derivative of the noun, like English [[m|en|eye|t=to look at]] from the noun.^(WNT) The Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek also thinks the sense “to stare at” was probably formed independently in Dutch.^(MNW)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The verb first appears in a Middelburg charter of 1254 in the sense “to make known, announce”: a matter is to be announced every fourteen nights.^(VMNW) The sense “to fix one's eyes on” is quoted from 1479: the king stood as long as he could see the ship.^(MNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch had both the old sense “to show” and the newer “to stare at”, though the first is rare;^(MNW) Kiliaan in 1599 gives only the second.^(MNW) In early modern Dutch the verb was used transitively, “to see, behold”, as in a text of 1564 about men who had gone so far ahead that they could hardly be seen; this use had long been obsolete by 1893.^(WNT) The intransitive “to look intently, look around” survived with ''naar'' or ''op'' into the 19th century, and in spoken Holland Dutch.^(WNT)

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+ The modern copulative sense, “to look, appear”, as in ''goed ogen'' “to look good”, was collected as a neologism from Dutch newspapers of 1975–1983.^(Reinsma 1984)^(Van Dale 2014) English ''ogle'' “to make eyes at” was borrowed from Dutch ''ogen''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1254 – A Middelburg charter uses ''oghen'' “to make known”.^(VMNW)

+ * 1479 – The verb is quoted in the sense “to keep one's eyes on”.^(MNW)

+ * 1564 – Transitive ''ooghen'' “to see” is recorded.^(WNT)

+ * 1598 – ''Soo verre wy oogen mochten'' “as far as we could see”.^(WNT)

+ * 1975 – A newspaper writes that a city ''oogt enigszins morsig'' “looks rather grubby”.^(Reinsma 1984)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(copulative)'' to [[m|en|look]], [[m|en|appear]]: give the impression the complement names: ''Het nieuwe station oogt modern.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(Reinsma 1984)

+ # ''(intransitive, obsolete)'' to look intently, [[m|en|stare]].^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+ # ''(transitive, obsolete)'' to see, view, [[m|en|eye]].^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[beogen]]

+ * [[ooglijk]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[oog]]

+ * [[en|ogle]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}