manier Dutch · revision 37356

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1236, Middle Dutch (Ghent)|origins=la manus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /maːˈniːr/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manier''' ''f'' (plural manieren, diminutive maniertje n)^(Wiktionary)

+ Middle Dutch also wrote ''meniere'' and ''mainiere''.^(MNW) A dialect form ''benier'' is found from the 17th century.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|maniere]], [[bor|fro|maniere|t=way of acting]] (modern [[fr|manière]], from about 1119).^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(VMNW) The French noun is the feminine of the Old French adjective [[m|fro|manier|t=handled by hand, handy, skilful]] used as a noun, which goes back to [[la|manuārius|t=held or worked by hand, handy]], a derivative of [[m|la|manus|t=hand]] (see [[manuaal]]).^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|240) NEW reconstructs a Gallo-Romance [[m|la-vul|*manuaria]] in between.^(De Vries 1971) The same French word gave [[gmh|maniere]] (modern [[de|Manier]]) and English [[m|en|manner]].^(MNW)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ ''Maniere'' is first recorded in 1236 in a rule from Ghent, in ''de maniere van den levene'', “the way of life”.^(EWN)^(VMNW) The sense “behaviour” follows in 1287 in ''gheuougher manieren'', “of seemly conduct”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch used the word widely: a way of acting or being, a kind or sort, a custom, a nature or condition, an outward appearance.^(De Vries 1971)^(MNW) ''In manieren dat'' meant “so that” or “on condition that” (1292).^(VMNW)^(MNW) ''Maniere'' alone could mean a good, fitting way of acting, and ''het gevet maniere'' was “it is proper”.^(MNW)

+

+ In the 18th century the word was used of an artist's style (1785), and like French ''manière'' also of affectation in style.^(WNT) The plural ''manieren'' came to mean good manners, and Middle Dutch already had ''enen manieren leeren'', “to teach someone manners”, which Stoett compares with ''iemand mores leren''.^(WNT)^(Stoett 1923) ''Dat is geen manier van doen'' is an indignant reaction to rude behaviour.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ Dutch lent the word to Negerhollands (''manier'', ''mani''), Berbice Dutch and Sranan Tongo ([[srn|maniri]] “way”), and to Manado Malay as ''manir'' “behaviour”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1236 – ''Maniere'' “way (of life)”, in Ghent.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1260–1280 – ''Maniere'' “way, manner”.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1287 – “Behaviour, conduct”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1292 – ''In manieren dat'' “so that”.^(VMNW)

+ * 1785 – An artist's style.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|way]], [[m|en|manner]], the way in which something is done: ''op een andere manier''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(in the plural)'' Manners, good behaviour: ''hij heeft geen manieren''.^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+ # ''(art)'' Style, manner of an artist.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[manieren]]

+ * [[manierlijk]]

+ * [[gemanierd]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[manuaal]]

+ * [[en|manner]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''O, op die manier!'' means “oh, now I see what you mean”, and ''op zijn manier'' “in his own way, for him”.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}