zat Dutch · revision 37354

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=ine-pro *seh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /zɑt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''zat''' (comparative zatter, superlative zatst)^(Wiktionary)

+ Middle Dutch also has ''sad'' and ''saet''.^(EWN)^(MNW) North Holland dialects have the inflected form ''sadde'', and dialects have a by-form ''zadder''.^(WNT)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|sat]], [[inh|odt|sat]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*sad]], [[inh|gem-pro|*sadaz|alt=*sada-|t=sated, full]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013)^(ONW) The same word is [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌸𐍃|tr=saþs]], [[non|saðr]], [[ang|sæd]] (modern [[en|sad]] “sorrowful”), [[osx|sad]], [[goh|sat]] (modern [[de|satt]]) and [[fy|sêd]], all originally “sated”.^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ The Germanic adjective is an old past participle of the root [[ine-pro|*seh₂-|t=to satiate, fill]], [[m|ine-pro|*sh₂-tó-]].^(Kroonen 2013)^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) Related words outside Germanic are [[la|satis|t=enough]] and [[m|la|satur|t=sated]] (see [[satire]]), [[grc|ἄατος|tr=áatos|t=insatiable]], [[lt|sótus|t=sated, full]] and [[ru|сытый|tr=sýtyj|t=sated]].^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ The /d/ of Old Dutch ⟨sada⟩ (plural) is the regular sound.^(EWN) Because Middle Dutch used the word mostly after the verb, in the uninflected form ⟨sat⟩ with a devoiced final consonant, the ⟨t⟩ was kept and a new inflected form ⟨zatte⟩ arose.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The old ⟨d⟩ survives in the by-forms ⟨sad⟩ and ⟨saet⟩ and in [[verzadigen]].^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The 10th-century Wachtendonck Psalms say of the wicked ''of geuuisso ne uuerthint sada in murmulon sulun'', “but if they are not sated, they shall murmur”.^(EWN)^(ONW) In Middle Dutch ''sat'' glosses Latin ''satur'' in a Limburg glossary of 1240, and in 1285 a Flemish rhymed Bible says that Titus was weary of fighting: ''hi was van stride sat''.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “drunk” is already present in Middle Dutch: the same rhymed Bible of 1285 has Ahasuerus drink until ''hi was sad ende vro'', “full and merry”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(MNW) Van der Sijs dates “drunk” as a sense of its own to 1546, and in modern Dutch it is the usual meaning, while “sated” survives after the verb and in ''zich zat eten''.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(MNW)^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT) Kiliaan in 1599 calls a deep, saturated colour ''satte verwe''.^(EWN)

+

+ Used as a noun, ''zijn zat hebben'' meant “to have had one's fill” in the 17th century, especially in Hooft, and survives in northeastern dialects.^(WNT)^(MNW) Colloquially ''zat'' also follows a noun in the sense “plenty”.^(Wiktionary)^(WNT) English ''sad'' went its own way, from “sated, weary” to “sorrowful”.^(EWN)^(Vercoullie 1925)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''sada'' “sated” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1240 – Middle Dutch ''sat'' glosses Latin ''satur''.^(VMNW)

+ * 1285 – “Having had enough of something” and “drunk”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1546 – “Drunk”, as a sense of its own.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1599 – Kiliaan's ''satte verwe'', a saturated colour.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(informal)'' [[m|en|drunk]]: ''zo zat als een aap'', blind drunk.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(predicative)'' [[m|en|sated]], full, having eaten enough.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Fed up, having had enough: ''ik ben dat gezeur zat''.^(Wiktionary)^(VMNW)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(informal)'' Plenty, more than enough, after a noun: ''we hebben ruimte zat''.^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[zatlap]]

+ * [[spuugzat]]

+ * [[ladderzat]]

+ * [[zatterik]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[verzadigen]]

+ * [[satire]]

+ * [[en|sad]]

+ * [[de|satt]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Van Dale lists the similes ''zo zat als een kanon'' and ''zo zat als een Maleier'', “blind drunk”.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}