schieten Dutch · revision 37352

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=gem-pro *skeutaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈsxitə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''schieten'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Eastern Middle Dutch also has ''scheten''.^(MNW)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|schieten]], [[inh|odt|skietan]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*skeutan]], [[inh|gem-pro|*skeutaną|alt=*skeutan-|t=to shoot, dash]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same verb is [[osx|skiotan]], [[goh|sciozan]] (modern [[de|schießen]]), [[ofs|skiāta]] (modern [[fy|sjitte]]), [[ang|scēotan]] (modern [[en|shoot]]) and [[non|skjóta]] (modern [[sv|skjuta]]), and Crimean Gothic is recorded with ⟨schieten⟩.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013) Words from the same root with other vowels include [[schuit]], [[schutter]], [[schot]] and [[scheut]], and probably [[schutten]].^(EWN)

+

+ The further origin is unclear.^(EWN) Following the LIV, the EWN mentions a link with [[sa|चोदति|tr=códati|t=drives on]] and [[sq|hedh|t=throws]] from [[ine-pro|*(s)kewd-|alt=*(s)k(ʷ)eud-|t=to drive forward]]; geographically closer is [[lt|šáuti|t=to shoot, push]], which points to a root [[m|ine-pro|*skeu-]] that Germanic would have extended with a dental.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) Kroonen instead takes the strong verb as formed back from an iterative [[gem-pro|*skuttōną|alt=*skut(t)ōn-]], from a root [[m|ine-pro|*sket-]] seen in [[lt|skàsti|t=to jump]], and drops the older comparisons.^(Kroonen 2013)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The 10th-century Wachtendonck Psalms say of the wicked ''that sia scietint an hulingon'', “that they might shoot in secret”.^(ONW)^(EWN) Middle Dutch ''schieten'' is first recorded around 1240, and in 1285 a Flemish rhymed Bible has ''ende scoetene doet'', “and shot him dead”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Already in the old Germanic languages the verb had many transitive and intransitive senses, so its first meaning is unclear; in most of them there is the idea of quick or sudden movement.^(EWN) In 13th-century Middle Dutch light shoots out of Saint Lutgart's mouth (1265–1270), animals come rushing in herds (1287), a plant puts forth shoots (1287) and a creature lays its eggs (1276–1300).^(EWN)^(VMNW) The same idea runs through phrases such as ''te hulp schieten'', ''in de lach schieten'', ''te binnen schieten'', ''wortel schieten'' and ''foto's schieten'', and through [[verschieten]] “to turn pale”, first said of startled people.^(EWN)

+

+ Another early sense, shared with Old English and Old Norse, is “to contribute, to pay a tax”: a charter of 1282 speaks of the dike taxes ''die men sciet van ghelde'', and the noun ''skot'' “tax” is glossed in Old Dutch in the 12th century.^(EWN) It survives in [[geldschieter]] and [[voorschieten]].^(EWN) In sailors' language one ''schoot'' ballast and nets, that is, threw them out.^(Winschoten 1681)^(WNT) ''Schieten'' is also said of kicking a ball.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The phrase ''onder iemands duiven schieten'', to poach on someone's preserve, recalls the old bans on shooting another man's pigeons, such as King Philip's placard of 13 April 1559.^(Stoett 1923) In Surinamese Dutch ''schieten'' is also used of shooting a person.^(Van Donselaar 1989) Dutch passed the verb to Negerhollands, Berbice Dutch ([[brc|skiti]]) and Papiamentu ([[pap|skit]]), and it lives on in Afrikaans [[m|af|skiet]].^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''scietint'' “might shoot” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1240 – Middle Dutch ''schieten''.^(EWN)

+ * 1282 – ''Schieten'' “to pay (a tax)”.^(EWN)

+ * 1285 – “To move quickly” and “to shoot dead”.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(EWN)

+ * 1287 – “To sprout”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1559 – A placard forbids shooting swans or pigeons.^(Stoett 1923)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|shoot]], to fire a weapon.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To hit or kill with a shot: ''een haas schieten''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To move suddenly or quickly, to dart, to rush; to come suddenly into a state: ''iets schiet me te binnen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To kick or hit a ball, especially at goal.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To put forth (roots, shoots): ''wortel schieten''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(nautical)'' To take the altitude of a heavenly body: ''de zon schieten''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aanschieten]]

+ * [[afschieten]]

+ * [[beschieten]]

+ * [[doodschieten]]

+ * [[opschieten]]

+ * [[tekortschieten]]

+ * [[uitschieten]]

+ * [[verschieten]]

+ * [[voorschieten]]

+ * [[geldschieter]]

+ * [[schietgebed]]

+ * [[schietlood]]

+ * [[schietpartij]]

+ * [[schietschijf]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[schuit]]

+ * [[schutter]]

+ * [[schot]]

+ * [[scheut]]

+ * [[schutten]]

+ * [[en|shoot]]

+ * [[de|schießen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Niet geschoten is altijd mis'' encourages someone to try anyway, ''een bok schieten'' is to make a blunder, and ''lach, of ik schiet!'' mocks a joke that is laid on too thick.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}