societas Latin · revision 3735

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *sokʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sɔˈki.ɛ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [soˈt͡ʃiː.e.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''societās''' ''f'' (genitive societātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|socius|-tas|t1=companion, ally]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) ''Socius'' is [[inh|itc-pro|*sokjo-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*sokʷ-(h₂)-i-o-|t=companion]], from the root of [[sequor]] “to follow”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Ennius onwards.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant partnership for a common purpose, sometimes in crime, a body of associates, such as a guild of Greek singers, and a business partnership.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Between peoples or rulers it meant an alliance, as in a speech of Cato.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant fellowship and society, as Cicero's ''societas generis humani'', “the fellowship of the human race”, and the society of men among themselves.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012) It also meant a close connection or affinity between things, as in Varro.^(OLD 2012) In Medieval Latin it also meant marriage and sharecropping.^(Köbler 2010) English ''society'' came from it through Old French in the 1530s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the connection between words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the fellowship of mankind.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English ''society'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Partnership, association; complicity.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A company, [[m|en|guild]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A business partnership.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+ # An [[m|en|alliance]], league.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Fellowship, [[m|en|society]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Connection, affinity.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[socia]]

+ * [[sociābilis]]

+ * [[sociālis]]

+ * [[sociālitās]]

+ * [[sociāliter]]

+ * [[sociātiō]]

+ * [[sociātrīx]]

+ * [[sociennus]]

+ * [[sociō]]

+ * [[sociofraudus]]

+ * [[socius]]

+ * [[en|society]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''foedus'', a league for mutual security based on a sacred treaty, from ''societas'', an agreement for a common undertaking.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}