maand Dutch · revision 37348

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Old Dutch (in month names)|origins=ine-pro *meh₁-not-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /maːnt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''maand''' ''f'' (plural maanden, diminutive maandje n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|maent]], [[inh|odt|mānoth]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*mānōþ]], [[inh|gem-pro|*mēnōþs|alt=*mēnōþ-|t=month]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[osx|mānuð]], [[goh|mānōd]] (modern [[de|Monat]]), [[ofs|mōnath]] (modern [[fy|moanne]]), [[ang|mōnaþ]] (modern [[en|month]]), [[non|mánaðr]] (modern [[sv|månad]]) and [[got|𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃|tr=mēnōþs]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013) It is formed from the same stem as [[maan]] “moon”, so that a month was first a lunar month.^(EWN)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|237)^(WNT)

+

+ Its source is [[ine-pro|*meh₁-not-]], genitive ⟨*meh₁-n-es-⟩ “moon, month”, which also gave [[la|mēnsis|t=month]], [[grc|μήν|tr=mḗn|t=month]], [[sa|मास्|tr=mā́s]], [[lt|mėnuo]], [[cu|мѣсѧць|tr=měsęcĭ]] and [[sga|mí|t=month]].^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(Kroonen 2013) It is perhaps the “measurer of time”, from the root [[ine-pro|*meh₁-|t=to measure]], to which [[maal]] also belongs.^(EWN)^(Vercoullie 1925) The final dental comes from the oblique cases of the Indo-European stem, since it had to be lost in the nominative.^(WNT)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''mānoth'' is first found about 1050 in month names, such as ''hagmanoth'', “hay month”, for July.^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(Van der Sijs 2001) A text from Werden of 1151 has ''in thrin manethen'', “in three months”.^(ONW) In Middle Dutch a Ghent text of 1236 speaks of what is due each month, and a Rhineland text of 1253 advises bloodletting in a certain month.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the word was masculine and feminine, and the two-syllable form ''manet'' was already rare; it is now feminine.^(MNW)^(WNT) The months had native names, which differed from region to region: the Teuthonista lists ''hardmaynt'', ''sporkel'', ''hoeymaynt'' and ''wyntermaynt'', and Kiliaan gives ''lauwmaend'', ''sprokkelmaend'', ''grasmaend'' and ''hooymaend''.^(MNW) Some of these, such as [[louwmaand]] and [[sprokkelmaand]], are still known.^(WNT)

+

+ Besides a calendar month, ''maand'' came to mean any period of about thirty days (1613), and the plural ''maanden'' was used for menstruation.^(WNT) In Surinamese Dutch ''haar maand hebben'' still means “to menstruate”.^(Van Donselaar 1989) Rarely the word meant the moon itself, as ''maan'' could mean “month”.^(WNT)^(MNW)

+

+ Dutch took the word to Negerhollands (''maent'', ''maand''), Jersey Dutch (''mânt'') and Sranan Tongo (''mânde''), and Afrikaans has ''maand''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – Old Dutch ''hagmanoth'' “July”.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1151 – ''In thrin manethen'' “in three months” in a text from Werden.^(ONW)

+ * 1236 – Middle Dutch ''mand'' in a Ghent text.^(VMNW)

+ * 1253 – ''Manet'' in a Rhineland text.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1278 – The form ''maent''.^(EWN)

+ * 1613 – ''Maand'' “a period of about thirty days”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|month]], each of the twelve named periods into which the year is divided: ''in de maand mei''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A period of about thirty days: ''de baby is drie maanden oud''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[maandstond]]

+ * [[louwmaand]]

+ * [[sprokkelmaand]]

+ * [[maandelijks]]

+ * [[maandenlang]]

+ * [[tweemaandelijks]]

+ * [[driemaandelijks]]

+ * [[maandblad]]

+ * [[lentemaand]]

+ * [[grasmaand]]

+ * [[bloeimaand]]

+ * [[zomermaand]]

+ * [[hooimaand]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[maan]]

+ * [[maal]]

+ * [[en|month]]

+ * [[de|Monat]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}